IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


I.I 


1^    12.2 


^  1^  IIIIIM 


1.8 


1-25    1  1.4      1.6 

6"     

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Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STRUT 

WEBSTRR.N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


0 

■  <5?  ..W 


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CIHM/iCMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  IVIicroreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notas/Notes  tachniquas  at  bibliographiquas 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  changtt 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checlced  below. 


□ 


D 


D 
D 
D 
D 
D 

a 


D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I      I   Covers  damaged/ 


Couverture  endommag6e 


Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurte  et/ou  pellicul6e 


I      I    Cover  title  missing/ 


Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 

Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  giographiques  en  couleur 


Coloured  init  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 


Bound  with  other  material/ 
Reli6  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  re  liure  serr6e  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  intirieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajouties 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  6tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6t6  fiimies. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppldmentaires; 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'ii  lui  a  it6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-Atre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique.  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite.  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  mithode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiquAs  ci-dessous. 


Tl 
tc 


□   Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couleur 


D 
D 

n 


s/ 


n 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film6  au  taux  de  rMuction  indiquA  ci-dessous. 


Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagies 

Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaurdes  et/ou  peiticulAes 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  d^colordes,  tachetdes  ou  piqudes 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  ddtachdes 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 


I      I    Quality  of  print  varies/ 


Quality  in^gale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  materiel  suppi^mentaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  4t6  filmdes  d  nouveau  de  fagon  d 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


Tl 
P" 

01 

fil 


O 

b( 

t^ 

si 

01 

fi 
si 

01 


T 

si 
T 
v« 

IV 
d 

61 

b 
ri 
r( 
n 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

30X 

V^ 

12X 

16X 

20X 

24X 

28X 

32X 

The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Seminary  of  Quebec 
Library 


L'exemplaire  film6  fut  reproduit  grdce  d  la 
ginirositi  de: 

Siminaire  de  Quebec 
Bibliothique 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Les  images  suivantes  ont  6x6  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin.  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettetA  de  l'exemplaire  fiimd,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  ImprimAe  sont  film6s  en  commen^ant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
derniire  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration.  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  film6s  en  commenpant  par  la 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  derniire  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  —»-( meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
dernlAre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  seion  le 
cas:  le  symbols  — *>  signifie  "A  SUIVRE  ",  le 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN". 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
film^s  6  des  taux  de  reduction  diffdrents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  cliche,  il  est  film6  6  partir 
de  Tangle  sup6rieur  gauche,  de  gauche  it  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  nicessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  m^thode. 


1 

2 

3 

32X 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

n 


I  ^90 


Pibliotheque, 
"-  r^r  inaire  de  Q\i^bec, 
:-,    W:'':  de  rUniveriJit6, 
Quebec  4,  QUE. 

HISTORY 


Ol' 


LAKE    CHAMPLAIN, 


FHO.M    ITS    KIRST    EXPLOHATION    BV    THK    KRENCH, 


rx 


I  V/\/»/, 


TOT  II  K     C  I,  0  S  V.    O  I"     T  H  V.    Y  K  A  R 


1814. 


BY  PETER  S.  PALMER. 


PLATTSHUUr.il: 

.'.    W.    Tl'TTI.K.    HOOK    AM)   JOIl   rmsiEB. 

I8.i3. 


Entered  acconliiic  \o  net  f»r  Con<in\>^,  in  the  yenr  1So3, 

r.v  rKiKif  s.  p.\i,.Mi;i;, 

in  the  Clerk's  otliee  di'  the  Disirici  (\iurt  ot'  tliu  iXorthern 
Dislriet  of"  New  VurU. 


HI8T()I?y 


OF 


LAKE  CHAMPLAIN. 


INTWODI  CTOHY. 

fii'iioral  dosinipti'in  di'  tlic  l.iiko  niid  ct'  tlio  ir.ost  important  iioints  nlonj^  itd  borders 
— Aiu'icnt  iiiul  M'Mloni  iiaineH  uf  pliiui^s — l)i.-tanci',i— OM  Torts— Scpiicrj — Original 
liiiliaii  iiaiMO. 

li.AKi':  ( 'iiAA)iM.Ai\  cxiciiils  I'rom  flic  li'-oO  mil!,  to  tli(!  45^' 
iiiirih  Imitiiilc,  ;iihI  lies  iiriwrcii  N'cniioiit  mid  >ir\v  York — 
the  l)iMiii(|;!i  \  line  iii'  tlidsc  Stiilcs  niiiiiiiiL!'  tlimiiLili  its  ('ciiltc. 
'I'lic  hike  is  ;ii)iiiii  iiiiiciv  mill's  in  IciiliiIi,  in  ;i  i-iulit  line  frdm 
.\i)iili  III  Si  lilt  li,  wit  li  a  Iciiulli  III  coast,  (111  cacli  side,  (if  aliout 
(iiic  liimdrcd  and  twciitv-livc  miles  :  its  sdiitlicni  cxtrcinitv, 
or  liead,  lieiiiL!  ai  Whitehall,  and  its  ii()rlli(>ni  near  llic  bniinda- 
rv  liiH  hetwccii  the  rniled  Slates  and  C'aiiada.  'I'lie  iaki; 
varies  ill  width  lidiii  oiie-loiirth  ol  a  mile  to  thirteen  miles, 
and  it-iwat'Ts  ciivci'  an  area  id' alieiil  live  jiiindrcd  sijiian^ 
miles.  It  I'cceives  the  waters  i if  liaki^  ( !e(irL''e,  at  '.ricoiide- 
niL^a,  and  diM-hariies  itself  into  the  St.  Ji.a vvreiice,  tiiroui;li  jlic 
river  Itichelieii.  'riiere  is  no  |icreeival)lc  enrreiil  in  the  body 
ol' the  lake,  and  its  waters,  at,  ordinary  stages,  pass  into  the 
Jtiehclieii  with  a  \eloeily  of  only  one-third  of  ;i  mile,  ])er 
hour. 

The  Lake  has  two  arms;  one  on  the  west  side,  near  its 
sonllieiii  extrcmilv,  called  South  J»ay,  the  (jllier,  (Hi  the  cast, 
side,  near  its  northern  extremity,  called  Missisco  Jiay.  This 
last  mentioned  hay  stretches  into  ('aiiada  and  iH)vers  about 
thirtv-livc  siinaro  miles.  '.I'lie  area  of  coviiitry,  drained  into 
file  lake,  is  variously  estimated  It'om  ?e\-en  thousand  to  nine 


1 

llioiisiiiul  s(]ii;irc  miles.  It  pnihiililv  ii]t]>ro;iclif's  ncMrcst  to 
llir  liirucr  csiiiiiiiti  .  .Nimii'riiiis  rivers  jiiul  creeks  tliscliiirtr*! 
tlu'inselves  iulo  llie  l;if<e,  miihmiu  tlic  |»|-iiiei|);il  of  wliicli  ;ire, 
(111  tlie  N'(  \v  \v\\\  >\dr.  Wood  (.'reek,  the  diillel  df  liiike 
(Ie()H;(\  tile  lloiuiucl.  ( Jrciil  ;ili(l  Jiillle  Aiisiilih  .  llie  S.'illiioii, 
till'  S;ir;iii;ie,  ;iii(hlie  l)Iu;iii(l  liillle  ('li;i/v  ii\er<.  (>ii  tlie 
\i'riiiiiiit  .-ide  lire  the  I'oiilniev  river,  Oiler  ('nek,  iiiid  the 
W  iiiDoski,  liaiiioiile  and  Missiseo  rivers.  'I"he  l,d\e  is  siiltjcet 
to  ,■)  ri.-e  jiiid  liill  nf  tVeiii  six  to  ei^ht  li'e)  (hiriiiL;  the  veiii"  ; 
the  waters  iittiiiiiiiiL;  iheir  i;reate>t  hriiiht  ahoiit  the  tweiitietli 
ot'Mav,  idler  which  \\\r\  IJdk  L;ra(hiallv,  iiiilil  about  llie  twen- 
tieth ot"  Sepleniher,  wlnii  tluv  iisiiallv  reach  the  lower  level 
(il  th(>  r<'niaiiider  ot"  llie  season. 

Lake  ('haniplain  coniniences  at  the  jiiiKlioii  ot"  Wood 
('i(-ek  with  Mast  IJay,  in  the  town  of  Whitehall.  'I'he  In- 
dian name  ot  this  place  was  kah-cho-(|iiah-na,  'VAr  p/arr 
ir/irrf  dif)  jlyli."  Philip  K.  Skeeiie,  an  Knulish  Major  under 
hall'  pav,  located  here  in  \'iiV-\,  and  estal)li<hed  a  seltlenient 
at  theinonlhol  WHod  Creek,  \vliicli  was  called  Skeeneshor- 
oiiLih.  'I'liis,  liirnianv  veais,  was  the  most  imporlaiil  .-etlle- 
nieiil  upon  Lake  Chainplain.  In  I77:>il  numbered  seventy 
thii'c  liimilles,  all  of  whom,  willi  but  iwn  exceptions,  were 
Skeeiie's  tenanls.  The  name  nt"  the  toun  was  chaiiLicd  to 
Whitehall  in  I7>«^. 

About  two  miles  norih  ot'  the  villayc  ot"  Whitehall  is  Sontli 
r»av,  an  arm  of  the  laki'  seven  inilos  loiitr  and  one  mile  wide, 
extending  to  the  sonlli-west  and  separating  tht'  town  of 
Whitehall  from  the  town  ot"  r)re.-d(>ii.  It  was  on  the  shores 
ot  this  bay  that  the  liaron  i\{^  Dieskan  landed,  in  i?')-"),  with  an 
army  oftifteeii  hundred  Kiciich  and  Indians,  when  mar<'liing 
a<fainst  the  En,<rlisli  encani]»nu'nl  at  the  lu'ad  ot"  Lake  ( Ieort>i'. 

'J'wt'ntv-fonr  miles  below  Whitehall  is  old  tlirt 'ricondcroga 
on  the  west,  and  Mount  Independence  (;ii  the  east  side  ot" 
the  lake.  TIk;  waters  of  liake  (Jcori;c  here  discliargi;  them- 
selves into  liake  Cliamplain  throuiih  an  ontlet  called,  by  the 
Indians,  ("lieonderoy;a  ;  a  word  signifying  "Noisy,"  nnd  wliieh 


\V!is  ;i|)|)lii:(l  in  ;illii<i()ii  to  till'  liills  on  llic  outlet,  iiciir  its 
inoiitli.  'I'll!'  Krrticli  t  iTcicd  ;i  li)ilii'ss  licic  in  |'}')(),  wliich 
l!i('\  (•;il|i(l  Fort  ('.■iiiildii,  ;i!iil  uiiii'li  \v;is  ;i  pl.icc  ol\L:!'<';it 
sirciiL'tli.  Moinii  l)i  liiHM'c  li.s  on  \\\"  soiilli  >i(|i'  ol'  (In- 
llionill  ol  the  oilllrl  oi  liiikc  (  irorirc,  i>j)|)<)<il('  'rico;i(i('r(i!jii. 
'I'iii'  .-nnuni,  ol'  lliis  iiuiur.liiiii  i-;  sewn  linn(ir«'(l  niid  lil'tv  lict, 
;il-ovr  till'  i;il;c,  ;ui(l  williin  (•;ninoii  sliot  of  ili,'  old  |l'i'lics<. 

TwrUc  miles  MDi'tii  of 'ricondi  roi;;i  i-Crown  I'oini.  culled 
liv  dii  l-'i'eiieli  I'oiaf  (I /ii  C/iim/ia:  I  leii-  llie  i'ruiicli  Imilt 
;i  tiirt  i'l  r}:;i,  wliieli  dievcnlled  Foil  Si.  I''rediric.  'I'liis 
toif  \v;is  desiiovrd  hy  llniii  on  tlicir  felreiil  to  (';inad;i  in 
l7-'i!',  i'lid  the  -;iiii:'  wuv  (Jeuerid  Aiiilii  r.--t  eonnneneed  ;i 
inueti  hruel-  work,  the  i-ni:i-  ol    which  mi'c  slill  lo  he  seen. 

<  i|»|)o.- iie  Ci'own  I'oini  is  ;i  l;indinir  culled  ('hiiiiiiev  Point, 
Mhieji  w,!';  <ellled  livthi'  l''rench,  ;d)onl  the  lime  thcv  cmn- 
meiieed  liiiildlnu  I'^oi't  M.  h'rederic.  mid  v,-n,;  de-lroved  hv 
tlieiii  in  I  /•')!).  So  colliplele.  \v:m  I  he  de-1  r'lel  ii  m  of  I  he  set- 
ileiuenl  tlint.  wlieii  the  Kn'.;ii-h  .■irri\'ed,  :i  li  \v  d;ivs  .'ilierdie 
reti'cnr  ot' tiii'  Krcni'li,  ili  v  :-;tw  nodiiiiLi' Imi  the  lihickened 
chiiii'iev  -  ol'  the  cou-^iiiirMl  |i(Hi-er'.,  ^I,■lndnlL;■  !is  <jriii)  scnli- 
iii'ls  miiid  the  snn-oimdiiiL;  rum.  'J'ir\-e  ehimiievs  were  per- 
niitlcd  to  si;md  lor  ve;ii-s,  mid  '_;;i\e  ihe  iimue  of  Chimney 
Point  III  liinl  locniiiv  :  a  nu'iie  it  vcl  rel.iln-:. 

At  the  |»reseiit  dnv  l.nkc  ('li;mi|»l;iiii  is  re  Lirirded  ns  c\- 
tendiiiL;  ns  tiir  iipns  Wliilidiiill,  Imi  miioiMj  tlie  cmlv  ^vriIe|•s 
ils  liend  \v:i-^  knocked  ;ihoiii  inn  mmmtM'  most  pirplcNinii  to 
modern  i'e;ider,-.  knlm,  who  vi.-iied  the  l;ike  in  17  !!•,  lixcs 
upon  Crown  i'oini  ;is  ilk-  liend,  ;md  spenks  of  lint  [Mrlio'i 
south  nt'  Crown  I'oiul.  ;i-  "the  river  whicii  corui's  oiii  of  the 
l;ikr>  St.  Siiei'cmeiu  |o  L;ikc  Ciiiimplnin."'  l)oc|or  'riuiti'licr, 
wlio  w;is  with  St.  Cinir's  ;iimyiii  I  7  77.  considers  the  hike 
to  rc;ieh  no  tiirthci-  sonlli  ;h;m  'ricondcro)i;i,  ;iiid  rciirs  to 
South  r»;iv  ;is  cMeiidiiii;-  from  lliiii  place  to  Ske(-ncsl)oronL!!i 
",'i  dislaiice  ot'  alioiil  ihirtv  iinles.'"  liv  several  the  passai;!.! 
Itelwcen  'riconderoua  and  Skccncshoroiiuh  was  called  South 
IJiver.      Some  writers  h;ive   run  the  head  of  llie  lake   as  tin' 


ti 


up  ;is  til"  llill-  (il  W'lMiil  Creek,  in  tlic  present  vilhme  ut 
W'hilelnll,  \N  liile  iilliiTs  (lesnil)i'  W'imkI  (.!i'e(  k  lis  rnmiiiiy;  iis 
till  linrili  ;is  the  (iiillil  oi' liiike  (  l(n)l!.'e.  I  rellr,  lit  1  liis  1  ime, 
to  liiis  (lilli'ieiiee  nt'opiiiiini  aiiiorm  the  cjirly  w  riters  lo  yiiiird 
the  ri  .iiler  ii^;iiii>l  ihe  eDiiliisioii  wliieli  it  h;is  trei|  lentlv  [tro- 
(Jiieed,  mill  to  (Xpl'iiii  Mil  oee.'isiopjil  tlisere]);iiiev,;ippiireiitlv, 
lielwieii  ihiswurk  ;ii:il  the  uarralives  dl'tlie  (;veiits  licre  col- 
leeteik 

Twi)  miles  iierih  d'  C'rowii  l'(>iiit,  and  on  the  same  side 
(>r  thr  lake  is  I'oil  Ileiiiy.  and  al)oiil  eleven  miles  liiidier 
north  is  .Noith-wot  liav,  called  Jlay  ihs  lo'c/irr  J-'c/idi/s,  in 
Saiithief's  ma[)  of  \~il\K  The  \illaiii'  of  Westpoit  stands 
nt  the  liioi  of  ihls  i)av.  ( )n  the  npposiie  side  oi  liie  lake,  ah 'iit 
ti.n  mile>  norili  of  Crown  I'ltint,  i>  a  small  hav  in  \\'liicli  Ar- 
nold L;ri'iinded  and  hiiriied  his  i:alle\'  and  lixe  gondolas  a  lie  i' 
the  empanel nelil  with  (he  I'lliiilish,  of"  the  I  :!lll  (  >eloliel  .  \'~,{t. 
( )lU'r  Creek,  ealled  liy  I  he  I'Veiieli  A/  nrlcf  ci/.i:  I.niilri ■••,  emp- 
ties into  the  lake  alioiit  seven  miles  iiorlhoi' tills  spoi.  'Tlu' 
Creek  is  na\  l^iaMe  llir  lake  ve.->e|-;  a>  liir  up  a-  the  tails  at  \'ei- 
•jelllie-;,  a  di,-l.aiee  (il  el  l:  111  111  lit 'v.  I  iM  hi-  Cl'eek  .Me  I  )i)ilon!jll 
titled  out  llie  llei  t  w  il  h  \\ 'lieh  he 'jaiiied  the  \  icti  uAdl'  llie 
1  I  ill  oi'Sepli  mix  r,  1"^  I  I.  hiiriiiL:  lln'  I  a  si  warn  small  l)rea>i- 
\viirk  \va>lliro\\n  upon  ihe  iioiih  >ide  ot  the  Creek  at  its 
month,  where  Lieiiienan!  Cas-inol'tlie  .\a\\,  ami  Captain 
'riioi-iitoii  <!!'  the  Ariillei y,  with  two  liiiiidred  men,  I'l'pnlsed  a 
Liriiv  liritish  lliice.  Mill  oiii  111  nil  Canada  lo  drslrov  ihe  Aiiier- 
ieaii  Heel  till  iiiu  (ml  al  \  el  Lien  lies.  A  few  miles  iioilh,  and  on 
ihe  (ipposile  .-ide  olliie  lakt,  is  Splil  li'oek.  ealled  l)\lhe 
!'"rei!eli  lor/ii  r  /''  'iihii .  This  rock  has  alwa  vs  heeii  eon.-idered 
.■I  i^i'eat  nalnral  iairio-.ii\-.  ||  pi((|eeis  one  hundred  and  Hliv 
li(  t  inlo  the  lako.  and  is  <  le\aled  ahoiit  iliirl\-  li'cl  aho\e  the 
l(Ael  of  ihe  wahr.  'i"he  pari  delaehed  eoiitain.-  halt"  an  acac, 
and  i>  sepaialed  liinn  ihe  main  iii<k  hv  a  channel  aooiil  lii- 
leell  leel  Wide.  'I'he  oppd.-iiiL;'  sides  are.  I)\"  .-ollle  writers,  said 
lo  ill,  die  [iroininei.eis  (ft  the  one  correspondiiitj  willi  the  ca\  - 
jlie-;  ot'  the  oilier.      The  popular  opinien  i-;,  thai  this  rock  was 


separated  tioiii  die  iii.iiii  land  hy  iiii  carilK]!!,!!,  ,•  Imt  I'n>- 
H's.-or  Kmiiioiis,  wliit  cxaiiiiiicd  it  pailiciilaiiy,  su|)i)os(S  the 
sinaralioa  In  liavt'  Ix-ciMirciisiniiiMl  l»y  tln'  wearing  away  <tr 
(li'<'()iii|Mi.-iiinii  (iT  a   iiia.-s  uf  ntck  cnutaiiiiii^  a  hiv^o  amount 

of  pVlilKIIS  il'nli. 

Till'    lake  iMlWrtii  S|)lil    Wixkiiiid  'riiniiipsoii's  I'uiiit,  ti»r- 
tiicilv  I'.illt'd  I'oiiit  Jii'(r/nrluir,  is  ikiI  i|iiiii' one  mile  wide      A 

Li'jIii-lMHiM'  \\:><  1 II I  Ml  el  I'd  Ipv  iIic  LM'iiri'id  ^uvm  I  iciil,  upon 

till- uiain  laud,  a  liw  rods  soiidi  ol  llic  nn'k.  J''j'oni  diis  poini 
die  lake  increases  iu  widdi  as  il  rMcnds  towards  die  noidi. 
ImI  w  I'l'ii  lv<si'\  an<l  Charloitc,  liiia-  niiirs  nordi,  it  is  iliicc 
miles  wide.  (>pposiie  liiirliiiL:lon  il  is  nine  ;uid  tln'ee-(|uar- 
ter-  miles,    and   lidiu   >Iim|-c   io  j-liore,   o[)p(i.>.ilt!   IMatlshurt;!], 

illxml   lllilleeU   niile^   W  ide. 

IJetueeii  l']s<e\  and  Cliailoite  is  Sloop  Islaiuk  i^o  called  be- 
cause ;ni  KiiLdi-li  \es-el  of  War,  duiiuii;  the  revolution,  fired 
upon  il,  mislakiui:,  in  a  tiiu',  the  stuiup  of;!  pine  liee  stand- 
in^^  neiM'  n-  eenlic  i()r  the  ma.-l  of  a  .-loop.  A  short  distance 
l)(  low  Ks.-e\,  oil  till  Niw  N  oik  side,  is  1  lie  month  ol  the  l»ou- 
(|iiel  ii\(r.  At  the  tiills,  Iwoiiiiiis  up  thi-i  ri\  er,  UurLiiivnc 
ene;im|)ed  ,'iiid  ir.ive  a  war  ii'asi  lo  a  partv  o("  ahoiit.  Ii)ur 
iiundred  Indians,  pievious  Io  liis  ailaek  on  'ricoiideroLia  iu 
1777.  l-'iiuiieeii  uiil'S  iioilli-ea>l  h'ein  Iv-.-ex  ;iiid  on  the  op- 
posite side  of  die  lake,  is  the  vilhit.'.'  ot'  nuilinyloti.  Ahoul 
iiiidwa\  lie!  Ween  these  two  places  iii'e  iiiur  siiiall  islands  call- 
ed the  Kmir  llidlheis.  'I'liev  are  called  Jslr  t/e  (/itii/rr.  mils 
on  ('liaiie\(ii\'s  map  of  17  11  and  die  Four  Winds  Islands 
on  Srmlhier's  map.  Twn  ;nid  one-hnll  iniles  sonlli  ot  IJur- 
hiiLjlonis  I'oiiier's  I'oint,  called  Edhjs  by  .SauthitM".  It  i()rms 
the  West  ,-ide  ot'  the  iiioiilh  of  Sliclburui'  bay.  Three  niile.s 
south-west  ot'  liiirliuLMoii  is  Juniper  Island,  on  which  stands 
a  JJi,dit-house  erected  iu  l*^;.'(). 


*rn  tho  wiiitor  of  I'Hi'!  tlicro  was  a  sovcro  tartlic|iiako  in  Canada.  "Lakes appeared 
wliei-o  nciio  ovor  cxisti'il  bt-'forc;  mountiiiiis  woro  (ivortiirnWD;  rivers  sought  other 
licds  i)r  tutally  cli-apjioarfil.  'L'lio  earth  ami  tho  niountains  entirely  split  and  rent  in 
innuinorahlc  plaees,'  crcatiii).'  elia^ius  and  precipices,  wlmso  depths  have  never  been 
ascertained." — Jrsua\  Jourvnl,  l^utfiar,  IGKi. 


8 

Noifh-wcst  from  .Iiiiii|Hr  l.-lni"!  .uid  rn;ir  llif  west  n\u>rr 
til"  till'  l.lkr  is  ScliilN  Ici's  IsIiiikI,  nillid  l»yllii'  Klflicll,  /s/r  ./w 
C/ifijion.  I'ii(l(  r  tins  ishiid  Aiiinhl  rDllcctid  liis  licet  mi  the 
iiiuriiiimnrtlic  I  Jill  <»r(  JcIoIht  iifirr  liis  ii  iiciil  tioiii  \  jilcDiir 
Ishiid.  A  liillc  to  iIm'  ^niillj  111'  this  i.-l;iiirl  is  I)oi|nl;iss'  I'iiy, 
(•;ill('(|  C'irii::i-  li\  tii:;  I'lciirli  ;iii(l  jndi.ili-.  It  is  sii|)|i(i-i'd  l»y 
soiiif  lliiil  llir  li.iiii.'inc  ;!!:(i  imlilf  C.'i>rl(';ir  w.is  druwiicd  in  lliis 

hllV    iu    hitii). 

A  mi!  ■  to  (lie  iKMlli  iirSi'lniyl<!-'s  Islmiil  is  r.  ImM  pniiiiipii- 
liiiy  ("dkd  I'iiiiii  'rr('iiii>lci!i.  At  llic  llxil  ni'  ;i  siii;dl  li;iv, 
liii'iiii'd  Iiy  tlii-;  |Hii!il,  stniids  tlic  villiiLic  ol'  I'm't  Kent,  iiiid 
iiboiit  Iwi)  iiiilcs  to  the  iKH'ili  ;irc  llic  inoullis  ol' the  (Ircnt 
iiiid  l/illli'  Aii>;ilili'  river--.,  wliicji  eiiipiv  into  tlie  hike  iie;ii-  a 
s.'iiidv  |i('iiil,  e.illed  [mjImi  Ai/  Sm)!'.  Si\  miles  liiitlur  iKntli 
;iii(l  li  lil'  ;i.  mile  IViMji  llie  iii:iiii  .-.JKire  li"s  tin-  i>hiiid  ol'  X'ld- 
eoiir,  or  \'iileii|-,  lis  il  is  mhik  lime-  culled.  Tlii-  i>l:iiid  is  cel- 
cliriiled  till  ;icc(iimt  ol'  ;i  S( Acre  H!iv;d  cimf'.lit'mciil  lliiiiilit 
near  it  hetsweii  the  Americ;ms  inid  I'lmlisii  on  the  llihd.'iv 
of  October,  \'iH\.  Olii'  mile  lioilh  el'  N'iileoiir  is  St.Alileli- 
ell's,  or  CimIi  l-h.iid,  and  idimit  tlinc  miles  liirlher  iiorlli  is 
tli<'  moiilh  of  the  S;  nil  line  river,  e;illed  S(i/(isaiif/f(n\  S.'iiitliiei's 
m;i[i.  The  vilhii^e  nf  I'lall.-itnriili  lies  on  iioth  sides  of  this 
river  at  its  month.  'I'liree  miles  east  rroiii  Piatt^hiiri^h  is 
('uiiil)erlaiid  J  lead,  on  which  a  [iiL'ht-hoiise  has  hecii  erected. 
(Jumi)erland  Head  wascalled  hyllu'  Kieiicli  Ca])e  Scdinnnn- 
tnn  or  Scnnoiito)).  It  cMciids  ahout  thice  miles  into  the  lake, 
in  a  soiitherlv  dirertion.  and  tiirnis  CnmlHn'laiid  H;iv.  This 
bay  was  the  .-ceiie  ot  .McOonoiiuh's  naval  vielorv  ol 
the  I  Ith  of  Seplemlx^r,  1^1  I.  To  the  east  of  Cuiiibcrlaiid 
Head  is  a  lar^e  i.-laiid  called  (liaiid  l>le.  The  riaiiioille 
river  empties  into  the  lal<e  on  the  \ Crmoiit.  side  near  tli»; 
south  end  of  this  island.  Kiyht  miles  south  o''  the  Ijanioillc 
is  the  mouth  of  the  Wiiiooski.  North  of  (Irand  Isle,  and 
scjiarated  from  it  bya  narrow  channel,  is  another  lar<,M^  island 
called  North  Hero.     Tliis  is  the  hlr  Laiifri/c  of  the   French. 

Twelve   miles  north  of  ('umlierlaiid  H<^ad,  and  tving  be- 


ins 


9 

twoon  NdiiIi  IIi'io  ami  tlir  wr^it'in  sidi'  ctt'  tin*  lake  is  flii 
Isle  L:i  .Mollc.     'riiis  ishiid  \v;is  iiMiiii'il  iilii  rSiriir    la  Mcillio, 
a  l''icii(li    KJiicir  wild  Idiilf  ,1  liirl  uti  tlif  iiniili  nid  ul'  ilio 
i-l, 111(1  in  l()('>->,  uliich  hi'  cillcd  l''<iil  St.  Aiuir.      It  wasai'liT- 

u.ird' I'alird  l'"(irl  la  Mnlli".  Kaliu  >a\  s  lliis  \va<  a  womlni 
lint  or  rciliMilil,  .-laiidini:'  na  liif  \sc-l  ,-idi'  nl'  ihi'  i-laiid  near 
tin'  wali'r's  cdi:!'.  It  ln.d  ilisa|t|)i  a,''d  wiim  lie  )ia>,-r(l  linn' 
til"  lalvi  ill  li  II*,  lull  III'  was  .-Ikiwii  iIic  >\h'\  wlicic  it  >liHid, 
wliicli  III' (!i'-criiii's  as  iIi'Mi  '■•i|iiil.'  (»\i'!;;i(i\\  n  wilii  trees." 
()|»|)'i,-ile  ili"  iiMiiii  end  III'  this  i-laiid,  and  mi  the  NeU'  York 
side,  is  the  niMiiili  (ii'  ilie  hiiile  Chaxy  livei'.  and  II  .-liiirl  dis- 
tance liirlhej-  neitli  i-  the  iiiMiidi  (.!'  the  liiu;  Cliaxy.  'I'lie.-t! 
^i\e|•^  are  called  Chusi,  (ni  ;;  iii;,|i  el'  a  siirxcynl  the  lak(; 
mid''  in  I?;;.,  aad  u.rc  (iiii:'iiall\  naiiied  alier  Liein.  dd 
<'!ia-v,  a  l'"i'eiieli  nllieei'  uf  di.-l  iiielien  wlin,  in  ititi'i,  wa.s 
killed  l>s  a  |»  :''l\  el'  .Mi  ilia  w  k  1 1  id  ia  II--,  wiiile  hnnliii.t;  in  tlicir 
\  ieiinix .  Kiiil:"-  l'>a\  iie~  nei  di  nl'  die  nieiilh  iii'ilie  Km  ('hazy. 
'The  n;irlh  sid  m.!  dii-  liay  i-  rdrim  il  liy  I'oiiii  An  l''er,  which 
separates  il  rmni  ieiii-~c">  INiini    Day. 

INiiiil  An  I'cr  was  iiuineris  -e|)araled  Inini  die  main  slun'c; 
hv  a  ehannel  or  di'e|i  iinira-;s  eunnecl  ini:'  lum-e's  ['eiiit  Day 
with  KiML;">  r»av.  Kalni  >a\s  thai  llie  lirsi  lumses  lie  saw, 
alter  ji'aviiiLr  Kelt  St.  l''rediTic,  were  (in  the  wcstein  .-ide  of 
tli(  I  ak(-  a  111  lilt  ten  French  mile.-  ahiAc  St.  .Idlins,  in  w  I  lie  h  llie 
Kreiieli  liad  lived  liellire  die  la>l  war,  hat  which  were  then 
(n  ID)  aliandiin"d.  'I'ln -e  Ikhi-i'.-  [iriilialilv  sIiukI  either 
(111  I'liinl  .All  h'er  oy  near  ihe  nuiiiih  (if  the  liiu  C'liazy  river, 
I'lior  t(i  the  reveluiidii  a  iirick  lidiise  was  hinli  dii  this  pdint, 
wliieli  was  kiidwn  as  the  "Jl'/ii/r  linns,,'"'  It  was  t()r- 
tilied  with  an  intrenchnieiit  and  caiiiion  hy  (leiieial  Sul- 
livan, at  thelinicdr  the  iiiva>i(iii  di"  (Jaiiada  in  177'),  and 
w^'ls  ttien  considered  as  a  very  advaiilaueoiis  siliiatioii  to 
'•■onunand  the  naM^ation  of  die  north  v\u\  ol'ilie  lake.  Bur- 
L'ovne,  when  he  entered  the  l.'iiiled  >tates,  l!irew  a  body  of 
troojKS  into  this  pL'ice  and  it  was  retained  by  llie  .British  as  a 
military  post  until  at'ter  tliePejice. 


10 

Opposite  the  northern  part  of  Isle  Ln  Motte,  on  the  Ver- 
mont side  of  the  l;ikc,  is  Alhuruh  Tonono,  culled  by  the 
French,  PcDiit  ^Uis-iiin/ii/i/.  The  cnir.'incc  id  .Mis.-isco  I'my  is 
on  the  cast  side  dl'this  piiiiil.  Ahuui  eii^hl  ii)ilr>  ikhiIi  ol'lsh' 
Tia  Motte,  alsii  on  the  \'cniii>iit  >idc,  is  W'iiidiliill  I'oiiil.  'J'he 
French  hnih  a  wiiidiiiill  here  ahnut  ihi'  lime  ef  I  lie  erec- 
tion ol'  F(Mi  St.  Fi-<'(lerie  al  ('iduii  I'dinl.  and  had  collec- 
ted a  -inall  seiilenieiil  iie;ir  the  mill  ;  hut  llic  KiiLili-h  hav- 
iuLT  hurnl  the  houses  sexcral  timis  duiintr  iheii-  iiiciirsidiis 
iiild  (';iii;ida,  tlie  x'tlleuient  was  ai  leuiilli  aiianddiied.  In 
17  Ifl  iidthiiiu'  hilt  the  mill,  which  was  hihll  dl'stdiie,  remained. 

()p[)d.-iie  Windmill  I'dinl  i>  the  villaiic  ol'  l{dn>e's  J'diiit, 
and  one  mile  north  is  the  terminn>  of  the  ( )L;(ii'iislinrL;h 
(Northern)  IJailroad.  A  conneelioii  is  Ik  re  liirnied  lielweeii 
the  Oodenshnruh  and  the  X'erniont  ..VCanada  Ifailroads  hv 
a  hriduehnd  iioalin^'draw.  'The  honiidai'v  line  luiween  the 
I  inled  Stales  and  Canada,  as  li\ed  ii\-  the  Ashhnrton  Treat v 
ot  I'^l'J,  is  ahonl  one  mile  iielow  this  hiidi^e.  This  line  is 
located  l.L'(ll)  lirt  iiordi  ol'  the  trne  |);ir;dli'l  ot'  the  lo-  ot' 
latitude,  and  was  so  e.-inliTr-hed  in  order  to  Mcineidthc 
I'niled  Stntes  the  site  dl'nn  old  liirt  eonaneneed  hv  thm  i^ov- 
."rnmenl  >oon  alter  the  cld>e  o|   die  wnr  oi'  1  ^  !  •_'. 

The  |);n';illel  d!' •]•>  was  diiinnallv  edri'eetiv  locnied  ^v 
dle  Ficneh.  Iiui.  in  I  7(i(),  ( io\  (  I'nor  .Modre  and  r>iii.'adiei-  (!  en- 
era  I  Cai'leldii  \i.-iied  I,;d\e  ('hani|i!a  in  and  ii\ed  tile  hoiindarv 
between  Canada  and  lln'  Province  of  Neu"  \  oik  aliont  two 
and  a  halt'  iiales  below  Windmill  Point,  which  (Joxci'iior 
Mdorc  savs  was  Iniilier  id  the  nurl  hwai'd  than  tlie\'  e\|ieeted 

to  find   it    li'dln    the  dli.-:e|-Mili(ins    .-;iid   to  h;i\e  been     made    l)V 

the  |''reneh  some  X'ears  beldic.  MddreV  hne  wa>  recdL^nized 
as  the  trne  (riie  nnlil  aliont  the  year  I "» I  ^  w  hen,  on t akin l;  lie w 
obserxalioiis,  it  was  Hmnd  to  he  tdo  t;ir  id  ihe  iidrlli.  As 
sr/on  a-  the  I'rrar  was  di.-cd\-ered  the  I  niled  Slate<  sns|)cn(le(l 
work  on  the  li(rt,  and  ihe  nnHni>hed  \\;i||-.  were  Idnir  known 
as  "Fort  Blunder."  Since  the  treaty  dl'  I'^l:.'  a  new  and 
larger   fort  has  been   commenced  on   the   site   of  the  old 


11 


'I'he 


one,   callod  Fort   Montnomery.     It  is  not  yet  completed. 

I''()rl  .Mi)iili;niii:'rv  sliiiiils  at  tlicloDt  oftlie  lake.  Ilcrc  the 
rivci-  Kic'lii'lii'ii  (•oiniiiciiccs  and  coiivcvs  the  waters  ol'  tlie 
laki'  lo  llieSt.  liawrciKT.  This  river,  l(>r  several  years  alter 
the  liisl  seltleiiieiit  ol'  C'aiiada,  was  i-alled  the  river  of  tli(; 
lr(i(|iiiii<.  ('harle\iii\  savs  it  was  alierwai'ds  called  tli(3 
liiehellcii  on  aeeiinnt  III"  a  liirl  of  that  name  whieh  jiad  heeii 
hiiili  at  its  luMutli.  ill  JCill.  This  (Millet  of  Lake  Cliamplaiii 
is  al.-ii  called  the  Sorel  er  Chanihlv  IJiver. 

Three  and  a  liall'iniies  lieliiw  t!ie  honndaiv  line  i^j  Tiliiody 
1-laiid,  said  to  l)e  so  called  on  acconiit  of  the  ninrder  oi  two 
hinilierni-'ii  \\  lio  w  eic  killed  lliel'e  l)V  a  partv  of  soldiers  sent 
oiil  from  Montreal  to  pi'oleei  iheiii  li'oin  the  Indians,  on  their 
relnrii  to  the  lakealier  haNiiii'  sold  a  rail  oi'tinihei'.  Three- 
iiHi!lli<  of  a  iiiilr  lielow  i^  A>h  Island  or  Ish'  mtr  T'fcs.  Oik; 
mile  Itrlow  A-h  Inland  i-  H(Koiia!  l-!ai.d  and  six  mile-  lower 
<lown  the  ri\cr  is  l-le  All\-lini\,  where  the  Kl'eneh  est,ll)li^h- 
ed  a  mililaiA'  |):i>ton  t  heir  ni  i-eat  Irom  ( 'row  n  Point  in  Idol). 
Thirte,  ii  mile<  lirkiw  l.-le  An\-iioi\  i-  the  \  illaL;'e  of  St.  .lohns. 
This  place  was  >electcd  tlir  a  mililarv  po-l  hv  Monlealni 
in   I  7-y~^.      It  \\  as  ociMipied  l)\-  the  i'^'ench  ])rior  to  I  7  !!•. 

Ahoiit  thirleeii  mile<  liclow  Si.  .joliiis  is  the  \illaL;'e  and 
tint  ot' (."hamlilv.  A  tint  \\a>  Imilt  lici'e  bv  the  Kreiich  in 
H'iCil.  whii'h  wa>  called  i-'orl  Si.  Louis.  It  wa>  at  lir-t  imilt. 
of  wood,  hill  had  prior  to  17'JI  heeii  replaced  liv  a  stroiiijf 
work  ol  sioiie.  Hanked  wiih  tinir  ha-lions,  and  capahk-  of 
coniainiim  a  laiL'c  L;arri>oii.  j^'ort  fiichelii'ii,  which  we  have 
alreadv  stated  to  Iia\'e  ^tood  at  the  month  of  the  river,  was 
afterwards  deiiiojished  and  a  new  liirt  built  there  bv  Moiis. 
de  Sorel,  to  which  his  name  was  uixiii- 

Lake  Champlaai  is  siliiafe  on  the  westinai  sidt^  of  a  valley 
lyinrr  itetwet  n  the  ("i,i\ro\  Moniitains  in  New  York  and  the 
(ireeii  .^fonntaills  oi'  N'la'iiioiit.  This  vallm'  is  from  one  to 
thirty  miles  in  widtli  and  about  one  hundred  and  eighty 
miles  in  length,  north  and  south.  Its  greatest  depression 
has   been  found  to  he  between    Westport,    Burlington   and 


19 


Port  Krnl.  Bciwerti  F»uiliiii>tiin  jiikI  Vin\  K<  iil  the  water 
cf  ll:c  l;il<('  is  two  ImiikIii'iI  jukI  ciiiliiv-lwo  li'ct  in  (K-ptli, 
.'roii'ssor  KininoDs  li)ii:i(l  liic  drptli,  limr  nilli'<  iioiili  of  Wcsl- 
ji.irl.  Id  1h-  liirci'  l:iiMiii'<'(l  ii'ti.  ;.ii(l  lii>  wj-  loU  lli;il  siuhkI- 
inus  n!'  .-IX  lilindrc'.i  ire;  h.-id  hrcil  lii;|(|t'  111  ((flier  |ii;irrs  ill 
ih.-il  |i:irt  iii'tiif-  l;ke.  'I'll''  r-iiriiice  urthr  Ll^e  i^;  imik  |v-'liri'e 
ti  (  1  ;il)ii\"('  1  idi'.  Mild,  I'l  I'l'i '{''^.^(jr  I  In  unci  is  v.;  is  imi  iiii-iiili  m  iii- 
0  I,  its  lidlloiii  III  dii>  I  i-I  point  i-;  ;il  le;i>i  \\w  iMindii  d  Iret 
Ii.'liiw  l!ie  l(\('l  (if  liie  oeeiiii.  li  isliie  pnpnhr  ( i|)iiiinii  iIkiI 
the  \\;ilers  of  ilie  hike  ;ire  LiiMihiiillv  >iili.-i(hiiL:,  liui  i  iikIl;!' 
this  lo  hi'  ;i  nii>t;ike  li);-  liie  i''  :i>')n  th;il  die  Miiindiiius  made 
^•e\■entv-!lve  \'ears  ai'i)  dn  ikiI  (hdi  t  inaleiiailv  Ireiii  dio.-e  of 
the  pre-eiil  ihiv.  Tii''  waler  in  tin'  havs  and  ah'iiLl'  (he 
sliores  i>  iml  as  deep  a>  il  wa.-  liirnieiiv,  liuiii  d c  wasliinu 
ot"  th(^  hanks  and  the  depn-ii  ui  eailli.  .-aw-dji^l  and  iiihlii>h 
iifoiiiihl  (kiwii  li\'  ihe  en  (  k~  and  n\er-;.  hi:l  di  '  siiiiiiee  is 
pr(il)ahlv  a>  JUL!!:  aixA  e  tide  as  ii  \\a<  v.  ken  ihe  hike  w  a<  lirst 
visited  hv  CI  air.plaio  in  hio;).  h  isiAidm!,  iKiWever,  froiu 
an  e\aniinatio!i  el'  the  ad|aeent  siinn  s  and  reeks,  that  tht; 
hike  at  mie  time  'illed  a  miieh  Li:i;ei-  peiiKinol  t!ie\,ilk'y 
tliaii  it  (hies  a  1  present.  ( ieeh"ji.-i  •  >iippMse  tlii-  eiil  ire  \  ahey 
ti>  lia\e  lieeii  t  w  lee  ueeiipied  hv  the  oeeaii—  oat  the.M-  speiai- 
hitieiis  ai'e  e|'  !iiii  hith'  interest  to  tiif  ueiit  ra I  ii'ader,  wlio, 
usiialiv.  is  sati>ried  lo  lake  tliinirs  as  lhi\-  have  e\i.-ted  tiu" 
ihe  la-t  li\c  llion.-.aiid  vears. 

This  lake  lias  ever  heeii  eelehiated  liir  the  ])eauty  of  its 
sceiierv  and  tlie  hoM  and  iiii|)f)>iiiL!  eonlitiiiration  of  the  siir- 
roiuKhiiu'  enllnI|^.  I  pun  tlir  ea.^tern  si(k',  tlie  valkv  is  w  ide 
and  ti'itile,  until  we  pa^s  Mount  liidi  peii(knee,  L;(iiii(j  soiilli, 
wlieii  the  hihs  approach  the  lake,  and,  in  seiiie  places,  rise 
ahrupl  li'oni  its  shoi(  s.  ( )n  the  .New  Nmk  -ide,  the  iiioiin- 
taiiis  in  many  ])!aee.-  cMend  to  die  watei's  i  due,  as  in  tlio 
c"i.-e  of  the  l>laek  Mountains  south  ot'  'I'ienndi  roya  ;  lliu 
Kavadaros-cras  ranue  which  terminates  with  Ikihva^irga 
Mountciin  near  Crown  Point;  the  norlliern  cud  oi'  tlii-  West 
MoriaJi  ranao  iit  kS))lit  Rock,  and  of  the  Adiroiidac  Mountains 


at,  Trcmhlrau  Poiiil,  uvar  I'orl  Ki'iii.  Tlic-^o  ^^c^vcral  rnnj^es 
run  Iroin  \\ic  laki'  in  a.s(iiiili-\vc.-l('ilv  ilirrctioii,  incri'asiny  in 
ahitii  I'"  a>  liii'V  icci'dc,  and  |ircs('n;inL!'  a  scene  at  onee  Ixild 
an:i  lu'nililul  ;  hill  alter  hill  risiiiL!'  LTi'adnallv  ahuxc  each 
<itli(  r.  unid  the  iiiLiiiesi  |>(  aks  altiin  an  elexaliiui  ct"  oNcr  live 
lhen<aiiii  li'et.  I''iuiii  the  \\(  ,-t  ilie  >n()\\-(a-( iwiied  I'lieks  (if 
Ml.  Mare\ .  (lid  White  |'";!ee,  and  hall'  a  d(i/en  ddiei-  giants 
ain'i!iL;  th.e  iiilU,  lunic  dnwn  in  xilenni  L^i'aiid'ur  (in  the  lake; 
while,  (in  the  e:isl,  tile  eve  passes  ox'ei'  i^i'een  iields  to  tfa(a' 
alenu'  liie  liiiiizon  the  clear  l)lne  entline  (if  .lav's  I'eak.  ( )kl 
]M;nisrh  Id",-  •'(  'iiiir'  ;iiid  '•.Nnst'.""  and  Gainers  linni|),  the  [x)- 
ttic  Lirii  ('(I'liliii     1)!'  th(,'  l'"reneli.- 

The  (iriLiinal  Indian  name  1)1'  Lake  ( 'lianij)lainhas!)eon  a  snb- 
joei  i.fnnn  h  sjjeiMdilion  and  i-esearch,  I)\  some  it  is  su|)|Kise(l 
to  h:i\i'  lieen  (died  !'ei  i-\\;i-li;  Mi(|ne.  \n''n\uity:  (i/frniii/r  /t/iiil 
iiiiil  inifi i\  in  allusion  to  lis  iiiini:  roii-^  i>l;inds  and  project insj; 
p;»ints  of  kind.  Aiiinii::  the  oiht-r  names  .iserilHd  tothe  lake 
are  C;ini  id<  !'i — (larniile,  //n  iloff  nr  iii(iiii!i  «/'  ihc.  roiuttrij  ; 
Peto\\-[)ai-L:(iw,  the  i,'V.^V  /ruf,  r.  and  Ska-iie-teu'i-ro-wah-na, 
t/i:  lii/'j'st  liil,'\  'The^e  names.  Iiowcscr.  sci  m  to  ha\('  lieeii 
selected  moi'c  rr( nn  t he  peculiar  apt iiess  oi  their  uii  .'niinii  than 
iVoni  aiiv  known  applieatlo.i  to  the  l;ikeil-(lt^  'l"he  earlv 
Fn  lull  writers  do  not  rcli'r  to  it:^  Indiiiii  name,  Imt  speak  ot 
tlie  kike  ;i>  ihc  p;i--;auv  that  \'-,u\<  to  the  couuirv  of  the  Iro- 
(pioi-.  Am  iiu  the  papers  pnlih.-hfd  in  ( ('('idlaLihan'-  Doc- 
umeiit;irv  I  li-ioiv  of  New  \'ork  in  relation  to  ttie  old  French 
(iraiits  on  Lake  Cliiimplain.  i-  a  letter  Ironi  (joxcrnor  Trvoii 
to  Ford  Darimoiith,  lii  which  he  stale-  that  this  lak:'  is  called 
(III  I'diin  &Oucl!iv's  and  other  ancient  maps  the  'aiiere  Av^ 
ln)t|uoi,-,''  the  Ifichelicn  ri\(r  "riNicredes  lro(|uoi<,"  and 
the  tr;ict  on  tin  ea~i  -ide  of  the  kike  '•Irosco-ia.'"  i''r(ini  tliis 
it   his  liei'ii  coiiieetiired    t  hat  llie  Like  Was  called    ) /v/ywe/.v  liy 

*Tiio  fiillipwiiig  aro  tin:  elov;ilii.ns,  almvu  tiilu,  of  soiiu; 'if  tlio  iioiik;^  ;-.'(;ii  fnim 
LiitvP  Cliaiiiplnin. 

On  llif'  Now  Vorti  side,  Mt.  .Miuev  .">,lii7  ffct.  lUx'-  I'c.nlt,  J.'JOO;  Nijiplo  Top, 
.l,;i(lii;    Wliitoliioo,  l.'.MMi;    I'.avcii  Hill,  -.Mini;  IJiild  l'eal<, 'J,()(.:i. 

On  the  \'oiiii.int  si(li\  Tlic  Cliiii.  1.:Un;  Tbo  \oso,  1,011;  Camel's  Iluii:).,  •{fi'i'i; 
Jay's  Pealj.i.Ols;  Killington  Peak,  ;j,9'2l. 


11 

the  Iii(li;inp.  But  this  is  rxphiued  by  Clinrlcvoix.  who  s.'iy.s 
lh;it  ihi'  ii;iiiii'  \v;i-  'jivcii  tn  the  rivn-  ;iii(l  like  liv  the  Frciirh 
l)i'c;m--r  ihr  .Mn!i;i\\k  I  I'l  h  ]l  |(  ii>.  \\  i  r.  ■  in  the  hllliil  i'\'  |),-issiiig 
thi'iniL'h  lii^  ii'  Will'  r~  in  thrlr  incni'-iun--  into  ihr  Kithi'Ii  j)l;ili- 
1;iliu:i-i  (in  ill:'  Si.  Jy.'iwicnrc.  ( 'lnunpl.iin  ;ilil\i'(l  hi>  own 
ii;i!i;  '  III  ihr  i;iixr  (hiriiii;  In-  cMilnr.'ilinii  df  it-  >]i(iri'>  in  .liilv, 
limii.  h  \\;i-..  Ill  ,'i  hiirr  (l:iv,  .-onii  I iiiK ■-  c'lllcd  '"Lnki'  Cor- 
|i':ii',"  III  iiMiiiM'  (il  ;i  I  )n!('liniiM  uiio.  in  I7i')'i.  snvrd  ,'i  |),'irlv 
(if  l''i'i;iH'li  , '111(1  ( ';in;i(|:i  lii(li;iii>  fi'oiii  liiinLr  dol  mvcd  hv  ;i 
w;ir  j),'irl\-  nf  liic  Mnjinwk.-.  nnd  wlm,  tlic  vciii'  nlici-,  was  ac- 
f'idcnialh-  (h'dwiicd  ili(r(.'  \\  hilc  on  hi-  wav  to  Canada. 


In  the  liilliiw  iiil;  cliaiitcrs  I  [iropo.-c  to  collccl  iiiaiiv  lacts 
coinicch  il  with  the  hi.-ioi'v  of  l.aki'  ( 'hain|ilaiii.  -\o  part  ot 
(hf  (  iiilcd  Stall  -  is  iniirt'  intiTc-tiiiL;  ti-oiii  it-  lii-tnric  iiici- 
diiil.-.  I']v(  I'v  liav  and  i-laiid  ol  the  lake  and  ncailv  cvcfy 
iool  ol  it.-  .-ho;-('  has  licdi  the  .-ccnc  ot"  xnii!'  \\  ailiki^  iiio\  iMiiciir 
— llic  iiiidniLiiit  iiirrav  of  tlir  pfi'datufv  saxaL'c,  the  liloody 
Seoul  ot  liont  icr  .-(  lll'Ts,  die  fcndf/Ndiis  ol  arini'd  hands  of  tht; 
coalhcl  ot  I'fiiitcndiiiL;  af.nio.  'J'lux'  -tiiTiirj  incidents  cx- 
t  -lid  in  tiadilioii  I'li'  Ix.vond  'he  lir-t  dl-i'o\ crv  oi'  ihe  lake, 
;ind  aic  in'oiiLdil  down,  hv  -cattcrcd  and  nncDnacclcd  hi-lofv, 
in  an  ahin-t  iini!iU'rrn|)ted  Miics  ot'  .-trite-  and  (^'oiiteiiiions, 
tu  die  cio.-e  of  Uie  war  of  I^IJ. 


W 


till 


th( 


an 


■ho  says 

FicikIi 

]);is>iiig 

I'll  i)l;in- 

\\\<  own 

ill  .Inly, 

I  ;i  |):irty 
,(d  l)y  :i 
was  ac- 
ja. 

my  I'acts 
ill  part  ot 
.)iic  iiifi- 
ily  every 
lii\('lliellt 
le  lilduilv 
ids  ov  the 
(leiils  i'\- 
tlie  lake, 
(I  lii-tdiy, 
iileiiiions, 


CITAPTEIl  r. 

Progress  of  disonvcrics  by  the  Fruiieli  in  ('uiKui.i — Clmrnctor  of  tho  Indian  tribes — 
Cliiiiii|ilain'a  vi-iit  tu  Lalie  Clmiiiiilain  in  Ii:iili — I'attlo  between  llie  Canada  Indians 
and  the  InHjUois — Fmt  eruotod  on  I.-lc  LaiMotte — Do  Courcelles'  K.NjK^ditiun  to  tho 
Mohawlv  ilivcr. 

ihil  liltle  [iroLiress  was  made  liv  llie  l'"i-eiieh  in  their 
Anieiieaii  (lise(i\erie<  nnlil  the  ,-|irinij  of  l-">:il,  when 
.laeiines  Carliei"  sailed  from  Kraiire  with  two  smnU  ves- 
M'ls  and,  ill  tlie  month  ot'  May,  reaeli"(l  lioiiavi-fa  in  New- 
liinndlaiKh  ( "artier  cna.-led  around  llie  north  sh('re  of  the 
inland  and  aloim  the  i^utl'  ol"  the  St.  Lawrence  and,  in  Sep- 
temliia',  returned  to  Kranee.  The  liilJowiiiL;-  vear  ht~!  left 
!•" ranee  with  three  ships  and,  eiiteriiiQ  llu^  nionili  of  the  St. 
Lawnaice.  asriaided  that  river  as  tiir  a<  the  St.  I'roix  (St. 
Cliario)  near  the  hidiaii  village  Stadaeona.  ((^iiehee,)  where 
he  [)assedthe  winter.  While  lii<  partv  W(re  prepariii!/ tliiar 
winte!-  (jiiail(M>,  Carlier,  with  thirtv-five  armed  men,  pro- 
ceeded np  the  ri\('r  as  tar  as  Jloehelai:a,  (Montreal.)  lu.'ar 
which  he  ai'iived  on  the  -eeniid  dav  ot'  ( >eIol)ei'. 

•d  loeiielaua,"'  says  \\  ailinrlon.*'  '-.-tood  in  the  midst  of 
urea!  field-;  ol  iiidiaii  corn  ;  ii  was  of  a  circular  liirni,  eoii- 
tainiiiL;  al)(iiil  fiiiy  larue  hnis,  eaeii  (iliv  pace<  loni!'  and  from 
iiiiirteeii  to  liflecn  wide,  all  liiiiit  in  the  >hape  of  tunnels, 
l()mied  ot  wood,  and  covered  willi  iiircli  hark  ;  ll:e  dwcll- 
ings  W(M'i'  (li\  ided  iiiio  several  rooms,  surroundiiiLr  an  open 
court  in  the  centre,  where  the  lires  hin-ned.  'rtiree  rows  of 
palisades  encirclid  tlu^  town,  witli  only  one  entrance  ;  aliove. 
the  gale,  and  over  die  whole  leiiiilh  ot'  the  outer  riiiif  of  th^- 
leiic(\  there  was  a  uallery,  ap|iroached  hy  ilifjhts  of  steps, 
and  plentifully  provith^l  with  stones  and  other  missiles  to  re- 

*<JoQiiuost of  CauaUa,  Volumo  I. 


10 


% 


pif'-r  rittuck.  This  \v;is  a  place  of  coiisidcr.-ihle  iinportaiuT, 
ovcii  in  llio-^c  rcinntf  liavs,  asllir  cipital  ci  a  urcat  extciit  of 
(.•(iiiiilrv,  and  a-  liaviiiL;  I'iiJil  or  trii  viiri^cs  siilij'Ct  li>  il> 
,-\v;iv.  Till'  iaiiaiiilant--  sp-iki'  tL'  !a:iL;iia;:i'  oj'ihr  <  irial  1  lu- 
rna  iialioii  ami  wnx;  \ui>yc  advaaivd  ii^  cix-ili/ali.Mi  lliaii  any 
orti;;.!:-  n(  i:jlii)ii- ;  lailikr'  oliicr  triors,  liicy  ruili\  alcd  llic 
•jfiaaid  aa.d  iciaiini'd  >tal;i)iiai'v.''  'l'i:i>  wa-  llnclii  ia^a  in 
i"):Ji.  Si'\cntv  vcars  latt.T  it  had  sank  iuiu  a  decayed  and 
uninip'ii'lant  place, 

()n!iie  i  i  ih  ci"  Oe;.'>i)(  r  ('arlier  r(>jnKie(|  Lis  pai'tv  al  S;. 
CiM;\  and,  die  ii>ll(i\vin_:  >p!:nj.  returned  lo  l'"i-ance.  Kaily 
in  rlie  .--iirinL'  i>;  i  •'>  I  I  !;■  a^'aln  leii  !•' ranee  and,  cnler- 
inir  ike  Si.  Lawreiic.,  -aiud  up  ihat  >tna!:)  a:-  kiuii  as 
the  |-;ipid-  ei  liaei.il;e.  'I'iie  UiAl  -pl'e.'lj  he  I'llurned  to 
l']ur(>|i''  and  seen  atieiward-  died.  .\o  c|j'"l  was  made  iiy 
ihe  Fii  hell  1m  eoliini/e  (..'anada.  aiii  r  (he  lelni'n  el'  ('ai'lier 
and  in-  a.-.-eeiati  .- .  n;a!l  die  year  Jtio:;.  wlienan  arnianieiit. 
was  iitled  ou',  uiidei'thr  conanand  nt'  Piinl  uiMve,  t:i  make 
t'nrtl.er  di-eevi  ries  in  the  St.  I.awitnec.  Anions;  the  niliciM's 
who  aecompained  liii-;  t  xiiediuon  \va-  S.\.mii:i,  in;  Ciiam- 
Pi.Alx.  a  e  ip'aiii  in  the  |''r.  nch  Navv  and  a  n:ai\c  ol'  Sano- 
to;:e.  I'oniLiiave  and  (Jliamplain  (  xplorcd  ilie  St.  iia\viciic(> 
as  t'af  as  the  l.acliinc  Rapids,  which  was  the  hiL'liest  point 
i-eacli  'd  jiv  I' irtica"  -i\ty-eiL;ht  yt  ai->  In  |iii-i\  In  IfiOl  Cliam- 
pknn  acc(;mpanie(l  de  .Moat-  to  Canada  and  apain  ruunicd 
to  Franci.'  in  ;lie  tidl  of  that  venr. 

In  ]()US,  di'  .Mdiits,  wlm  was  at  the  head  of  a  trading 
cnni[)anv,  (([nipped  two  ships  at  llonlliair,  and  sent  them 
riul  uiidf.T  the  fMiiiaiand  of  ('ham[)laiii  and  I'dnleravc,  ti^r 
the  purjiose  of  (.■.-.lalilishini:  tiie  fur  tra(h'  at  'I'adoiiassae'. 
C'haniplaiii  reaclifd  Tadouassac  on  the  :;d  day  of  June,  and, 
idler  a  lifiif  stay,  asecndid  the  St.  Lawrenc-e,  and  on  the 
'5d  ot  .hdw  arrived  at  the  ancient  villaire  Stadacona,  which 
iie  selected  as   the  .-ite  oi   the  iutnre  eapitol  ol  (aiiiada. 

Whcnthe  French  lirst  visited  Canada  tiic  Indians  residing 
north  of  the  river  St.  Lawrence   were  cncaiied  in  war  with 


ai 


17 


)it:inrr, 
Meat  ot" 
I't  \')  ils 
^■;,l  llu- 
li;iii  ;niy 
ih'il  llic 
(  i;ii;;i  in 
\vd  and 

:y  al  S;. 

,"     Kar'.y 

.  liii^ii  as 
uriMil  Id 
iiailc  li_v 
;'  Cariicr 
nnaiiu'iit, 

111  make 
;c  ollicd's 
i;   t'liA.M- 

ot'  Sano- 
.awi(  nc(> 

lirst   piiillt 

1)1  C'liam- 
1  R turned 

a  trading 
Hilt  tlifni 
Lrrave,  lor 
idoiiassac. 
June,  and, 
nd  on  the 
)na,  wliicli 
nada. 
IS  residing 
1  war  with 


tlio  Fivij  Nations  ol' Indians  wlio  occupied  tlie  territory  south 
of"  tlie  St.  liiiwrence.  The  Five  Nations  were  a  powerCul  con- 
li'deraev,  eiiMsisiinu- of  the  Moliawks,  llie  Oneidns,  the  Ciy- 
ni;,i>,  the  <  )iiondauas  and  the  Seiiecas.  They  called  tlieni- 
selves  tlie  .Mini;(.e<,  and  sometimes  die  Auanusehions,  or 
I'nited  I'i'ople.*  Tlie  Kreiieli  ealh'dthem  the  l»-()(|uois;  the 
.|)iileh  the  Ma(|uas.  lialilaii  i;ives  tliem  the  name  of  the 
A^onuoiisioniii,  as  (hu's  Chailevoix,  wlio  says,  "Lenr  norn 
))ro[)ri'  est  Aaoiiiioiisioiini,  (|iii  \(iit  (hre,  Kaiseiirs  ck.'  Cahaii- 
ni's  ;  pareeijirils  les  halisx'iit  hranconp  phis  soli(h>s,  (jue  ki 
[)hipart  (h's  aiitre>  ^allvaL;es."t  In  I  7  I  ::j  the  'J'usearoras,  a 
trihr  will)  had  he'-n  ih'ivcn  iVom  the  south  hy  the  Kiiuh^h, 
was  admitted  into  the  i-onl^ik'iaey,  whieli  was  allerwards 
iuiMu  n  as  the  "Six  \aliiai-." 

Prior  to  liie  ^i'tiii'iiiciit  di'  Caiiaiki  i)V  the  French  the 
lriii|'i(iis  oei'iipird  ;i!l  tlic  coiuitiy  soulli  of  tlie  river  St. 
Lawieiice  ai.d  resi(k'd  in  iiuiiilicrs  around  .Nhmtreai  and 
ill  till'  \allev  of  I, like  Cliampkilu,  hut  ihrv  had  heen 
th'ivrii  mII"  Inwards  Liikp  <)iitariD  hy  the  Adiroiukaeks, 
will)  !i\rd  near  the  Three  h'i\ers.  The  -iieee-s  ul'  the 
A(hrllll(lack^  wii- ol' .-hort  duration,  iiir  soon  aliiawards  they, 
ill  till  ir  liirii.  wei'e  diiveii  li-oni  their  aiielciit  s^'ats  to  a  sali-r 
pwsiliuii  hi.'Inw  (jiiehec.i:  In  MIO-  the  h-mjuoi-^  i-esided  n{)on 
the  iiaiik-;  hI'  the  AJoliauk  and  insrvciiil  \illaL;os  to  the  W(;st 
(if  thai  river.  They  claimed  the  \\lin|e  cuuntry  lyiuL'  on 
hotli  -id'S  of  Lake  ('liam[>laiii,  as  I'lr  north  a.-  llu^  St.  l/iw- 
nnrr.  'i'he  iiortheru  hank  of  the  Si.  I.awiriici-  was  held 
l)V  the  AlL:i)iii|uiu-,  the  ancient  and  niMlirale  etn'mitsoi' 
the  lr'ii|iiiiis.  Till'  Hurons,  a  iiumennis  naiioii  residiiiL^  \M.'st 
of  Lake  Onlariii,  were  in  alliance  with  the  Algoiiijuins  luid 
joined  tlirin  in  tin  ir  wars  aiiain.-t  the  lrii([uoi-;. 

The  lrii(|iioi.-  were  powr-rful,  politic,  warlike  and  crmi- 
ageoii-^.  They  have  heeii  leriiied  iiinoim  FuinpcaiH  the 
Komans  of  the   \\"csl.||     ('harle\oi\  says  the  name  of  Iro- 

♦Govi'rric'i-  Clint"ir.-  iliM'Muisc;  boTon'  llir  \.  V.  Ui-(oi-ical  Sm'ii'ly. 
tCliiii-l.'vi.ix,  I'om  1  . 

|(iullllJtl. 

(1  Warhurton,  Vol.  1 


18 


'~V 


quois  was  tormod  from  the  Iii(ii;iii  Him,  wliich  inonnp,  /  have 
said,  "J'ai  (lit,"  witli  which  tiny  ;il\v;iys  finished  their  speech- 
es, ;iiid  (/'■  Ii0i(c,\\  word  hIumi  used  hv  them  ;iiid  which,  \vhen 
pronounced  with  ;i  ih'iiwl  w;is  ;i  cry  ol"  L'riel,  ;nid.  wh<'n  .spo- 
ken sliort  and  (|Uick,  one  ol'  e\uh;uion.*  'J'hev  hved  in  vil- 
lages, around  which  thcv  hnd  e\ten.-ive  cuhivated  fiehls. 
These  vihaires  were  enelex'd  widi  snono  ,|iiadrnp!e  pahsades 
of  larire  liiniier,  aouut  lhirt\'  li'cl  hiuh,  inlerlnckcd  wiili  each 
other,  willi  an  iiiterval  dl  imt  mere  tlian  hall' a  li)ot  lic- 
tweeu  tliciu.  ( >n  llie  innci'  >ide  (if  the  j>;disa(le>  were  iialle- 
rit  s  in  tlic  Idrin  ot'  p.irapcis  deltiided  wididnuhle  pieci  s  of 
tiuiln'r.t  The  Aluon(|uins  wei-e  a  waihke  nalioii  and  the 
most  polislied  of  tin' northern  irihes.  Tlicv  were  a  niip'ato- 
rv  peofile,  disdiiininu  the  cnhiv.itinn  of  the  >u'\\  and  depend- 
\i\\x  altoircllii^r  on  the  prndnce  of  the  cha>e.  'I'he  Ilurons 
had  some  slight  knii\vledi;e  ot'  laishandrv.  hut  W(  re  moic  ef- 
feminate and  luxurious  tlian  the  odicr  triiies,  and  inlirior  in 
savage  virtue  and  independence. |  'I'liev  lived  in  villai:i  s,  of 
which  the  nation  po-sc-scd  l\\(ntv,  hut  which  were  inlliior 
in  (_'onstrucnon  ami  sireniiih  to  tliovc  of  die  liocjuoi.-. 

When  C'hampiain  landed  at  (Jnel)ec  he  limnd  the  Aliion- 
quuis  and  IJurons  (.iiLiaucd  in  aciivt>\var  widi  the  Mohawks, 
one  ot  the  oldest  and  nio>l  |)ow(  rtid  liiaiicln -^  ol  the  I'ive 
Nations.  licarniim,  from  .-oine  Jndiair-  who\i-iud  hi-<  (  ii- 
campmenl  iij  the  winter,  that,  ilu  y  micndi d  an  inroad  into 
the  country  ot  thi  u'  enemv  in  the  course  of  the  approach- 
ing sunaner,  he  det(  rmined  to  accDinpanv  tin  ni,  and,  hy  that 
means,  not  oidv  explore  a  riser  and  laiLie  lake  tlnongh 
which  the  war  [)artv  would  [la.-s,  hiil  hv  his  po\\-erful  as.-is- 
tiUice  strength.  II  the  I'riendship  which  tinii  exi.-Ied  lielwten 
the  French  and  the  .--urrounding  Indians.  For  this  pnrpo>e, 
on  the  Jsih  of  April  Itl')''.  he  lell  (iuehec  on  hoard  a  pin- 
nace accompanied  hy   a  ^niall  party  of  ilillowers,    and  as- 


tli< 


nil 


re 

tl 

ea 


♦Chartcvoix,Tom  1. 

tChamplaia's  \'oyagcj  de  la  Nouv:  France. 

tWaorbiiitoB,  Vol.  1. 


19 

opndino:  the  Pt.  Lawrenco  ns  f'lr  ns  tho  mnuth  nf  the  Riche- 
lii'ii,  |i;is>^o(l  up  lli.it  siiTiiui  ti)  the  f(){)t  ol"  ihc  riipids  near 
('li;iiiil)ly.  I  fere  ;i  \v;ir  pmly  of  sixty  Alijoiiquitis  niul  Hu- 
i(Mis  sdoii  ,'iti(M"  ii)iiic(l  him,  and  coinnn'iiccd  j)rcp;ir;it,i()iis  tor 
tlio  iiiciirsioti. 

It  Would  srciii  tliiit  il  \v;i>  ('li;iiiipl;iiii's  iiilciitioii  In  have 
l;d\'(Mi  his  \\hn|i'  p.Mlv  wilh  him,  but  the  incu,  iiilimidtited  hy 
th(>  sin:di  iiumhrr  of  tlif  Indimis  or  from  some  other  cimsc, 
H' fused  to  proceed  ;ui\  lint  her,  aud,  ufter  the  stroutrfst  iip|>e;ds 
on  the  pari  of  ('hainplaiii,  liiit  two  would  aeeompany  him. 
\N  nil  these  alone  he  deiermined  to  join  die  Indians  on  their 
lonu  and  peiilous  e\'pe(htion.  All  their  arrauLremeiits  l)ein,<» 
completed,  Chainplain  and  \\\<  two  companion-,  on  the  iJd 
of  .July,  embarked  with  the  Indians  in  twentv-t'our  canoes 
and  thai  d  iv  proceeded  np  die  river  to  a  point  about  nine 
mile-  ;ibo\-e  t!i(>  ishiiid  of  St.  'I'liei-e-a,  wImtc  tlu'v  (Micamp- 
C(\  llir  the  mu'lit.  'I'he  next  dav  \\\r\  continued  on  as  i;ir  as 
the  hike,  which  thev  entered  on  the  liillowiuLT  inornin<>;,  and 
co;isicd  alonij;  its  west  shore  until  tht  \'  eaiiu;  within  two  nr 
three  d;iv.-  journev  of  the  place  wher(^  the  V  expected  to  meet 
the  enemv.  Atie,  thi-  th"V  traveled  onlv  l)y  niirht,  each 
niorninL:  letiruiLi;  into  a  barrieaded  earnp  to  pass  tlie  day. 
The  partv  advaiiceil  widi  the  utmost  caution,  keepiuir  ttieir 
canoes  clo-;e  touether,  and  making  no  noisi'  wlm'li  miaht  be 
beard  bv  the  enemv  should  ihcv  happen  to  be  iieiu'.  During 
the  whole  journev  thev  used  no  lire  but  hved  upon  dried  In- 
dian tneal  so;iked  iu  water. 

Cliamplain,  in  his  account  of  this  expedition,  partieularly 
ri'lcrs  to  die  -uperstiliiin  of  the  Indians  and  the  impoHanee 
thi'V  allaeb  to  dreams.*  \Vh(aie\'er  he  awoke  liiev  would 
eagerlv    inipiire   whcilna'   he'iiad   (h'eained   of  or  seen  their 


*Tbe  Imliiin  trusts  to  his  liii'iuiis  ami  inviuiiibl.v  liulils  them  siUTod.  Before  he 
cnirajjoc  in  iDiy  imi>oitant  iiiidi'ilaliiii]^,  pailiciilnrlv  in  v.iir.  (liiilotnai'V,  or  tlic  cliase, 
tliO  (Ireiuns  cf  tlio  iirii.ci|ial  pliiefs  arc  fiaiclnlly  watclioil  and  oxainineii;  by  tlicir  in- 
terpretation his  coniiuct  is  guided.  In  this  inunner  the  fate  of  a  whole  nation  baa 
often  been  decided  by  the  chance  vision  of  a.  sini^lo  man. — Conqueat  of  Canada,  Vol- 
um4'  1,  pagf  ll>2. 


Tf 


80 

(  iicmu'S.  ()ii(>  (l;iy,  while  \hc  p.iily  l;iy  cniicc-ilcd  iit<;ir 
Crown  i'diiit,  ('lni!l[)l;iiii  li'll  Ji-lrcp  ;iiiJ  llioiiLrllt  lir  saw  tli(> 
Ir  'i]M  n<  ilrowniiii;  in  lln'  \ukr  witliiu  -ijlil  <<\'  lln'  ciicami)- 
in.'iil.  (>ii  aw.ikiii^  li"  ri'lalcil  inr  diiaiii  Id  llic  Indians, 
wli'irli,  l;c  -avs,  '\i^iin'  d  >nc!i  (  i\'dil  ainm'.'  llirni  lliat  lliry 
U"  l(in;ivr  (l(»iil)U'd  I  ml  tIr'V  >liiMild  iuimI  willi  >n(  •(■(>.-."  'I'liat. 
same  niLilil  al).ini  Icnd'clnck,  whili'  piorcrdinL:  caulinn.-ly 
idonu',  liii'\  in  •!  a  war  piiM  v  ni' die  liu(|ni)i>,  wlm  were  [)ass- 
iiiLi   dnwn  till'  laU','  III  caiidc-^. 

As  sddii  as  till'  iwi)  |)arlii'<  discdvcicd  racli  dlhir  ilic  Iro- 
fjii'iis  liaslciird  to  die  -hdir  and,  liaxiiiL:  iir.-t  Mcnri'd  llicir 
caudi's,  lu'Lian  l'>  rnl  ddwn  Ir<""-  and  i'drm  a  liarricadc.  'J'ln' 
otlua's  |)iit  (inl  Idward- dii' friitrc  dl' llic  lakraiid  |)i'dcci'dcd 
td  lii-ii  ;>  liii  ir  caiid,  -  1i)l;;.'|Iii  !',  and  llim  M'caind  lliriii.  wiili 
poles,  in  a  |)  i-ilimi  williin  aiTdW--lid|  ol'tlii'  hanicadi'.  Two 
caiidis  \\rii>  llicii  sciil  ldWard>  the  .-liori'  to  iinjinri'  Nslidlicr 
iIr'  Jrdi]U()i>  wi.--li!'il  Id  UliIiI,  \\  Iki  an^weri'd  lliev  <lid  Iml  pni- 
pdsrd,  as  il  wa~  llirii  dark,  that  llir  halljr  he  dcrnicd  nnlil 
iinniiiiL;.  To  this  t'ne  AludininiiH  and  J  liirniis  aL;r<'i'd  and 
both  paiii  -  passed  the  night  in  siuLiiiiL!  and  tanntini^' their 
rivals  di'e(jwardiee  and  iinix  eilitv.  Chaniplain  and  In-  two 
cdinpanidn^  werr  <  (|nip[)(  il  in  liLihl  arnidi-,  and  each  carried 
an  ari|ni'lin--.  'J"hi  v  Wiac  placed  in  dilli'reiil  caiidc-  and 
kept  thrni~e|\  e.<  cdiieeak  d  frdinsiuht.  Ic-i  tii(^  lrd(|Udi>  niiLjhl 
he  aiarined  at  ihcir  appearance  and  dei'linc  the  eoinhal. 

On  till'  lijlldwinu  nDniin^aii  cnuaL'cnii'nl  took  place  which 
is  tliii>  ic( orded  hv  Chaniplain.*  '"The  inoiui'nl  we  landed 
thi'V  (the  Aliidni|uins  and  liurnii.-)  hcLian  td  run  ahdiil:  two 
hnntlred  paces  Idwards  their  eneinies  wlm  slond  linn,  and 
had  iKil  yet  perceived  mv  cdinpaninns.  who  went  intu  the  hn.-h 
with  some  savaLies.  ( )nr'>  coianienced  callini:  me  in  a  Idud 
voici',  and  niakinu  wav  li)i'  nw,  dpened  in  two,  and  placixl 
mo  at  their  head  marching  about  iweiitv  paces  in  advancf, 
until  I  was  within  thirty  iKices  oi"  ll':e  enemy.  The  moiinmt 
thev  saw  me  they  hailed,  Liaziiiij:  at  me  ;md  1  at  ihcni.    When 


*Voyagop  dc  la  Xinnv  Franco. 


1  snw  tlicin  prrp;irini,'  to  sIidoI  ;il  iis,  I  raised  my  ;irqii('I)ii>, 
and  .■liiiiliii';  diircilv  al  oii^'  ot'  the  lliifc  cliii'ls,  two   of  tliciii 

li'ii  In  the  lifiillll'l  li\-  llli-  .-!i()|,  and  (IIP'  ni'  llicir  Colli  jiailii  >||,-: 
iTciivcd  a  wound  i/i  wliirli  he  died  aliii'ward-.  I  had  piiJ 
I'lii:'  lialh  ai  iiiv  ai'(|ii;'oii-:.  ( ):ir"s  on  wiliii  ,->iiiu'  a  sliol  so 
I'lvo.-aiilo  liir  rhciii,  .Ml  iijt  >ii(!i  irciiiiiidoiis  sliout.--  lliat  lliiiii- 
(Icr  could  iioi  lia\  c  hi'iii  hoard  ;  and  \ct,  ihcic  was  no  lack 
111  arrows  on  oiio  side  and  ihc  other.  The  lroi|iioi-  waM'c 
Ul'eatK  a<loni-^hi(l  ^-ei  iir;  two  men  killed  so  inslanlaiieoii.-l\', 
neiw  iih^taiidiiiL;  the\-  wii'c  )iro\  idi  d  wiili  aridW-|irool'  armor 
WO-.  en  of  coll  on  ill  read  and  wood  ;  t  hi-  li  luiih 'lied  diem  verv 
nuic'i.  W  hii-l  I  was  I'e-loadiiiL'.  one  of  inv  eom|iaiiioii>  iu 
tile  liii-h  fired  a  >liol,  wlaeh  -o  a>loni^lii  d  ihem  aiiewj  see- 
ing; 1  hi  ir  el liels  slain,  ihal  liiev  lo-l  coiiraLie,  took  to  lliijht  and 
aiiandoiied  the  hi  Id  and  llieii  lint,  liidiie.:  lheni>el\cs  in  the 
<!e|)ih  of  iho  liire.-ts,  whidier  |Mir.-iiin:;  lliem  I  killed  >oiiie 
others.  ()iir  savaijes  also  killed  >e\'eral  of  them  and  look 
ten  or  i\\c|\e  |)ri-oiiers.     'J"he  ii-t  cariied  oil'  ihe  wounded. 

Filieeli  or  >i\teen  of  olir^  Were  WolllldtdliS  UI'I'oWs;  thev 
wi  re  (ironnil  I  v  cured." 

'I'hi-  liatlli  wa-;  tiiiii:lil  on  ihi'  oDih  of  ,)u!\".  near  \vliat 
Chaiiqilain  dc.-crilies  as  "the  poiiit  ot'  a  C'ajie  \\  liieh  juts  into 
the  I  live  on  the  \\e>i  ,-i(le."'  Some  wiiiers  have  loi'nted  the 
batlli-Lrroiind  on  Luke  (leoruv.  Doetor  Kiieh*  thinks  it  look 
place  upon  one  oi  the  |ioiiiis  ol'  land  in  llie  town  of  J)re.-den 
or  I'litiiam.  >outli  ol  'I'ieoudei'oiia  ;  hut,  Ironi  an  examination 
ot'  (.'hamplainV-  iiia|>  of  New  !•' ■aiice,i  il  is  e\id(  nl  thai  the 
CULiailiillcnl.  look  place  solnewheic  lielween  CliiWIl  I'oiut 
and  Lake-  (i(()rL;o,  proliahK    in  the  town  ol    'ricondero^^a. 

As  >oon  a<  the  \  ieiorioiis  part  v  had  iialheri  d  the  weapons 
and  oilier  spoils  leli  heliind  hv  llie  lro([iioi>,  thev  cmhai'ked 
f)n  their  r(  turn  litr  Canada.  After  jirocei  (liiii;  ahoiit  citiht 
leagues  down  the  lake  ihev  laiuh d,  aticr  niyhl  fall,  when  the 


*IlistoriO!il  iSurvey  of  Wa>liiii()!tun  Ciuiiity. 

f  A  <'(>py  111'  till?  null)  will  hv  fcuiml  iu  Vol.  :'.  of  O'OiiJliigh.iLi's  I'lH-uuifiityry  His- 
tory of  Niiw  York. 


88 

liidiiiiis  piif  one  nrtlicirpiisoni'isto  (Icnlli  with  tli(>  innst  lior- 
rililc  ,'iii(l  ))inir;ir|r(|  tniiiiii's.  'i'lic  icsi  of  tlicir  nrisoiirrs 
Wt'lr  l;ik(  II  Id  (',iii;i(l;i.  Allhi'  r,i|)i(U  uf  i  lie  iruliclicu  llio 
|i;itly  S(|i;ii;iiri|  iiinl  ilic  liidian.-  rrinrind  in  ihcij-  ||()iii(.;s, 
wril  s:ili>lic(l.  s;iys  ('li;iiii|il;ijii,  willi  ilic  ic-iill  dl'  the  rxpc- 
(lilinii  ;iii(|  iilti'lillil  stntiii.'  prnli'ssioiis  (tl'^llilitildr  iiiid  riiciid- 
.<lli|)  till'  the   l''li'lli'h.* 

Till'  aliovf  i<,    ill   siili-lMiicc,    ('liiiiiijihiirs   owfi    ii;iiT;ifivn 
(t!    llii'    lii-t    \  i-it  dl' civ  ilizi'd    iiiiiii    uiihlii    thr    liniii- of  the 

St.'ltr  of  New  \  ork.       'i'Wn  lIll)!lll|>L,t(  r  I  (ciHA    I  [lld<o|i  (  lilCK'd 

\i'\v  ^  ork  I5;iy  ;md  nscrndcd  tlw  Nniih  |{i\(  r  ;is  |;ir;i-.  iIk^ 
piTsciil  \  in.'iirr  iif  \\';il('rlc'i!(kt  Tliiiv  wcrctlic  iiorthciti  ;iiid 
soiiiIktii  st'fiiiiiis  of  ilic  st;itt:  ;iliiiii.>l  >iiiiiill;iiicoiisly  i'\|tlorc(l 
hv    till'    l'',iirii|ii';iM.      \\  lini  tlu'sc  \\\n  ci'lrhriitcd   hum    first 

looked  iipiill  llli'  clc'ir  plllr  W.ltcl-;  of  .New  ^  oik  ;ilid  wojl- 
diTi'd  ;it  till'  i:r;in<l('iir  {)\'  its  iiioiiiil.iiiis  ;iiid  ilir  ItciiulN  of  its 
uiiiiiitic  |i)!vsi>.  liiilcdid  tlicy  lliiiik  lli.il.  liir  nearly  two  ccii- 
tiiries.  tliii>r  scenes  would  lie  reiideied  liorrilile  liy  the  hlondy 
(.•Diite^l  ol'  aiiiiiilidiis  colonists,  or  the  inidnii^lit.  lurav  ni  llii' 
nitlile>.>  >a\aL!e.  A-  little  coidd  they  have  ii)i'i>een  that,  with- 
in less  lliaii  1  ilf  a  cciitiii'V  limij-er,  ihose  vallcvs  wonid  he  fill- 
ed with  lieli  and  |)o|)iildii<  cities,  thii\iiiu  villau<'s  and  li'itilo 
iiefU  111  that  tliai  lake  and  ri\i  i  Wdiild  hear  ii[ioii  iheir  wa- 
ter<  a  eonniieree  eijiial  to  that  then  l)i  lonuiiiL'  Id  the  nations 
lliev  so  ])i-diidl\   rejtri  rented. 

Alter  the  de|)arlure  of  the  Indians  Cli;iiii|il;iin  relnrnfd  to 
Qnehec.  Fie  eoiiiiiiiied  as  ( iovi-riior  of  Canada  until  Hi:.*!*, 
when  he  -nrrendei'i'd  the  i.'d\e  run  lent  to  the  Kn.i;li>li  and  re- 
turned home,      in  I  ti:!:.' ("anada  \\;i^  re-^tmed  to  l'"iaiice,  and, 


*Cli;>rlevfiix  niul  most  Kus^li^-'li  wriu-rs  sav  that  rhaniplum,  en  tliis  cxiKMliliun, 
ri-''Oii'l' il  a  \:v.'i'\  iiml  j-tif^i'd  iutn  aiiiitlicr  lnl«' iifterwiinl- calk'il  l.aliu  St.  MuTcint'tit. 
Chanipluin,  in  liis  u''i:iiiiiit,  s:iys  the  ludiiui^  tol'l  liiui  vl'  a.  uatcrlull  and  <il'  a  lalto 
beyond.  ihrK  ar fuiir  Imbues  /.»?,  and  ad  I''  lliat  he  saw  tlio  wiitertall,  liut  say:<  nolll- 
iii^  "(  iUi'  lal<0.  Had  lie  exjdurcd  tlir  lake  !.  ■  Wculd  ii'jt  luivo  rciiri'2i.'Mti'd  it  a»  oidy 
throe  (jr  tViiir  leajtncs  loii);. 

tlluilaiiii  fiifl  entered  New  Vurtc  Day  in  Septemlicr  li'lH".  He  pailed  up  tlio  river 
as  far  as  Albany  and  cmbarltin,'  in  small  boats  continued  on  to  Watorford,  whcro 
be  arrived  on  the  2'2d  of  that  month. 


23 

the  next  year,  (Mi!iiripl;iiii  wns  r('-;ip[)niiitc(l  Gi)vrrnor  of  the 

rolniiv  ;   wliit'li  silii;ili(iii  lit:  roiitiiiucd  In  Imlil  until  liis  'Inilli, 

at  (Jurl)ic,  ill  Ki'i't. 

Cliiiiiiplaiii  \\a>  hiavc,  liiuli-iiiiiKlcd,  aclivc  and  yi  ntious, 

and  (•minciil  lni  his  chii-tiaM  /cal  and   piiiity.     "'I'ln-  salva- 

tidii  III   niic  soul,"  lic  ollrji  said,  "is  of  iinMc  valur  than  ilir 

'iiii  |ucst  (if  an  cnrniv."      Muiinu  his   lili'   lie  lii.-ii  '"(j  chns- 

tianitv  and  i'i\  ilixatinn  and  .-ucci-cdcd  in  |>laiitiiii>  tlicm  aiiiDU^ 

lli(."  snows  (ifCinada.     'I'lic  oiily.nical  inislake  otliis  adini/i- 

i.-lralidti  was  ,in  injiidiciiius  iiittrti  rrncc   in  lliu  (luarrcls  lic- 

twi.iithi     liidiiins.      Iiy  this  iiit'Miis  In;  dirrctt'd  llic  linstiliiy 

ot'  th''  wailikr  lriii|niii-  a'jain.-t.  llic   French,    and  cicalrd  all 

irripLK  alijf  haiirdon  the  part  of  that  powerful  nation,  wliicli 

time  eonid    no!   heal,   not  ihe  Mood  ol   a  lliou-uiid    vicliins 

soften. 

Mons.  de    Mi!iitiiiaL!nv  sueeeeded  ClKUiiplain  as  (lovernor 

of  New  Kraiiee,      In   Kill,  he  eriettd  a  fal  at  the  month  of 

the  l{iih(Tien,  as  a  pujleelion  aLMiiisi  thi    ri'pe:iled  inroads  of 

die  Indians   hv  the  wav  nl    Lake  C'li.inipliiiii.      M.    de.Munt- 

ni;iL;nv  was  sueeeeded  hv  .M.  D'  Aill^hnu^t,    in  the  I'ouise  of 

^vho^e   adiiiiui.-tialiiiii,  ol'  three   years.*   the    lro(|uo:s    iiiadi; 

.several  aimads    iiito  the  tenitorv  of  the  lliiroiis   and  drovo 

them  from  the  fertile  Imiik-;  dl'  lhe(>ttawa.      'I'hoe  victories 

of  the  IriMjiiois   rendered   llieni   incri    audaei'Mis   than   cNcr. 

Breakiiiiz  a  solemn  irealv  of  peac(     made  v.ith  .M.  de   Moiit- 

liiaunv  .■>e\eral  vears  heliire,  they  auaiii  appeared  amoti^  tlir; 

Fn  ach    xltleiuenK.  de-pi^iiiL!    futs   and    iMrricades  and  iii- 

suliin^f   tile    hiiiiifle    hnshandmaii   wiiii    impiiiiil\-.      In   their 

attack-  iio   toreeuis   too  strong   li)r    them  to  (Acreome  ;  no 

hidiiii;    place  too  >e(a('t   llir  them  to  discoxcr.      So  i:reat,   at 

Icimlli.  became  the  aiukKaly  of  thi>e  savages  that  thev  <ud- 

deiilv  It'll    upon  a  hodv  ot'  AlmnKiuius,  under  the  verv  irnns 

of   the  fortress   ot    (iuehee,   and    massacred   them    without 

iTicrcv. 


*Tiu>  iMucrnur?  uf  Now  Fraiifu  liuld  oflko  for  three  ji'ars  (nily;  in  OdnFecni'-nco 
of  a  decree  that  no  one  mun  should  hold  the  govcrnmeDi  ui  a  colony  for  morii  than 
that  lungth  of  timo. — Warburtou. 


24 

A  (l;irk  ;iml  iiiipropiiioiis  liIooiii  }niii<i;  over  th(!  affairs  of 
llii'  coldiiv  until  the  arii\al  of  ilic  Maripii^  (\v  Tracy,  as  vice- 
ri'V,  ia  li'iiil.  M.  (I.'  'ri-ac\  i)i('ii'.;lil  wiili  him  llir  Carimiaii- 
SalltTc:-.  a  vcli'iaii  If  LiiMK'iiI  w  Inrli  hail  l"  .'^''Iv  (_li>l  ii:i;iii.~li('(.l 
iNflf  ill  the  war.-  aL;:iiii-l  ihc  Turk.-.  Iiiiiin diairiv  (Ui  the 
arrival  '<\  lln-r  iriNijx  ilir\  wcic  .^cal.  accninpaiiii d  liv  the 
allied  luiliiii.-;,  aL;aiiisl  llir  lri>i|iii)i.<  ..iiJ  .<(i(iii  clcai'cd  the 
CdUiitry  III'  ll.'dM'  iroiiMr.-diiic  nicniir-;.  ]la\  iiiu'  i'^i;il)li>lic<l 
nracc  lliroiii^liniit  tlir  culdin,  .M.  d'.'  Tracy  pi-cpiircd  tn  adupl 
iiiri.-urr.-  t'Miiakc  thai  .-ccuMtv  ]ii  riiiaiicul.  The  Im.-tilr  lu- 
tli-iir<  had  hri'ii  aciai.-tdiiK'd  In  ajipioach  the  l''r(iii'h  .-clllc- 
uiciiis  li\-  ihf  Avay  ot'  liake  ('haMi|ilaiu  and  tlir  Ivichclicu 
liivir.  and  Id  <  tkciiiailv  hlnck  hji  tiii-  axrimc  liacc  Captains 
(if  die  (.'ai'ii^iiaii  ic_;imfnt,  .Nf.  dr  Snn  1,  iir  ( 'haiiihlv,  and  do 
Sahi'ics,  \\c!c  (irdcicd  I.)  tici'l  Iniis  oiiilni   ii\i'['. 

M.  dc  S::ri'l  liiiill  a  fiii-t.  at  I.!ic  ni mdi  dl'  the  ri\'i'i',  on  tlie 
tile  lit'  old  liiri  Rii  III  lit  II  crccii'd  hv  <lc  Montiiiaiinv  in  KM  I. 
M.  dl-  ('iriiiiiilv  liaili  a  liirl  al  llir  foot  dl'  ihc  rapids,  in  tin.' 
pri'scnt  \  iJLi-i'  dl  Ci'anilily,  w  i;ic  li  hr  calli  d  idit  St.  I.dui-, 
and  .M.  dc  S. da  lis  Imilt  diu'  nine  milr.-  al)d\c,  whiih  ho 
liainrd  iSl.  Thrii  >;i,  lii(;!ll-i'  it  \\;i-  iini -ill  il  dll  that  Saiiil's 
dav.  'I'iir  ni\l  viar.M.  d  ha  Mudio,  aiidthoi Caplain  in 
tlir  C'ariLinan  n  'jinn  nt,  wa.-.-ciit  id  Lak'  (.'lianiiijalii  to  Imild 
a  tlirl  dll  an  i-i:ind  near  tlii'  IdW  cr  i  nd  di'  die  l.d\d.  wliicli 
\\  a.-  nnoiulcd  !■  1  M  i\i'  as  a  place  d|  rendi  /s'dus,  "tidiu  winch 
cdiiiiniial  ailack.-  cduld  be  made  unilic  eiiciiiv."'  Tiii.-  liirt 
was  called  St.  Aniie. 

A  -  -ddii  as    iidiiiii<   ot   the  en  ctidii  dt   llie-c  fdrts  reached 

the    IliKpiul.-,    three    dt     I  hd,-e   I  111  le-     ,-i  Ml    (lejilltle.-ld    (jllcbcC 

with  prdpd-aL- III    pi'ace.      M.  de  Trac\  ua\f  liiem  a  tiiendly 
andicnee  and  .-eiii  lliem  hack  with  \alnaMe  pi-c.-cnls. 

Aiidiii  the  same  lime  he  detcinaned  ]u  invade  the  cdiuilry 
ot'  the  .Mohawks,  who  with  the  ( )iiei(la-,  n  maiiii  d  .-tnlihorn 
and  intlexihle,  and  intlii-t  >iimmary  piini.-hnicnt  npdii  ilicia 
lijr  tlieir  tijniier  in.-dlcnci/  and  treachcrv.  Willi  this  view 
M.  dc  CdurccUca  w.iri  ordered  lo  lit  oul  a  military  expedition, 


25 

with  the  utnuisl  dispatch.  On  the  fith  of  Jan.,  lGG(),hf'  stcirteJ 
uiiii  ihi'cc  liuii(h'{^(l  MKMi  nl'lh*'  n'tiuKMil  ot'C.lriGnan-Salicrcs, 
and  t wii  hiiMiirrd  \nliiiiicri-s,  /ial>i/mis.  {nv  Fmi'I  Si.  'IMk  rcsa, 
w  liich  had  l)ci  n  (li-iL>iialcd  as  llic  ])lacf  (if  rciiilczvdii.-^.  'J'li(! 
v\'('athri  \\'a>  sii  scni'M'  dial  hi  lin'c  tiicx  had  adxaiicrd  thi'cc 
ila_v~  jniirnry  nianv  ol'  ihr  men  \miuIiI  iiavc  jM'ri>h('d.  had 
thr\-iiii|  hi'cii  cariicd  alniiL;'  hv  t hrir  coiiiitaiin Mis.  On  die 
■Jllh  Sliin-  i\r  la  I'^iiiiilli'.  Maxiiuiii  and  IjuMac,  Captains  ot" 
ih'' ( 'ariLinan  ii'Liiiiiriit.  joined  dii'  aianv  wiih  >i\!\'  nic:i  autl 
SDinv  Inrudiii^,  i»nl  liiliirc  iikv  I'caclicd  Si.  Thii'r-.;i  sk  niaiiy 
nirn  had  Ix'cnnir  disaliifd  dial  il  \sa-  nii'c.->afv  In  \vilh(ha\v 
fiinr  ninipanics  lioni  llic  hirts  on  ihr  Kichriiiai  lo  .-npplv  thr 
\arani  lis  in  111''  rani'.-. 

<  >!'  die  :;utli  lit'  .JaniiaiA'  iV-  ('Durrrlli  .^  iiiarrlicd  (nit  nl'  [""mt 
Si.  'l'hr!T-:a  al  the  lirad  nl  \\\r  hnndu'd  iin  n,  and  pa.-sinu 
till'  lak''  on  llip  i'c,  crnsx'd  ih''  I'lmnli  \'  inwards  tlif  .Mohaw  k 
villiuc.-.  'riir  snnw  was  iii  aiK  tmir  IitI  drrp,  ami  die  iiicii 
\v/'i f  .nliliocd  to  ii-c  ^nnw-^ji; ics  Id  pa^s  i)\(  I'  il.  As  horses 
could  make  no  proLrre-,-  ihi-oiiLrh  the  dei'p  snow,  a  iaiiie 
nuiiiher  ot'  -lii;iit  sjedui"-  were  prepared  which  were  load- 
ed with  provi-ioiis  and  drau.'L'''il  aloiiLT  hv  the  men.  or  hv 
liri:<'  doL^s  hroiiuht  on  ti>i'  dial  piirpo.-e.  Macli  man.  iiiehi- 
(hiiL,'  all  die  ojlirers.  ciiiried  ii|ioii  hi-  hack  trom  twenlv-livc 
III  dm  IV  pound-  ol  hiscnii  or  other  sii|)[)lies.*  'The  intention 
of  the  |''reneh  nad  heen  lo  march  dirict  ai.'ain>l  die  >h)ha\\k 
villi!,'!'-,  h'li  having  [o-i  iheir  wav.  dcoiiLih  ihe  iLiiiorance  of 
their  liuidc-,  iIh'v  luriied  t'lo  lar  to  die  -oiidi,  and  on  the  Mth 
ot  Fehruarv  ari'ived  wiihin  two  miles  of  Seheiieeiadv,  wiierc 
thev  eiieamped.  ilere  l!iev  were  met  iiv  a  .-mall  pariv  ot" 
Moll  iwks,  who,  pretend  in  i:  to  n  treat,  were  eai-ele->i\-  pur-iied 
hv.-ixlv  oi  the  French  l''ii.-ileers.  who  were  dm  -  drawn  into 
an  anihu-cade  ol  ahoiit  two  Imndred  hidiaii  warriors  securelv 
posted  hidiind  the  trees  ot'  tlie  ti)rest.  Al  die  lirsl  volh  v  ot' 
the  Indians  eleven  ot"  the  French,  inchidini;  a  Lieutenant, 
\V(M'ti  killed  and  several  wounded.      The  tusiletu.s  discharged 

•Relations  dr  oo  qui  s'est  passim  on  la  N''niv      Frnnoo  "n  iinncr-:  irOo  —  C, 


2G 

their  pieces  and  iiiiinediiitely  till  Itaek  upon  the  main  liody 
ot"  the  ariiiv,  wliile  llie  liidimis  cetired  wall  a  luss  of  tlirei- 
killed  and  >i\  woiuuled,  lakinLi  \\'\\\t  iliem  llie  ,-ealps  oi'loiir 
Fi-enehinen.  w  iiieh  lliev  I'xliihaed  in  llie  s!reel>  nl  Slienei'- 
t;;dv.  It  i;-  .-aid  die  w  Imle  lumpanx'  el' lii-ili  'i'.-  wniild  iiave 
I), 'el I  ni;is-a<M'ed.  bill  liir  llie  iiin  ree-.-ieii  el'  Cui'lear,  a  Dnlcli- 
liiaii  LirealU'  heloxcd  hy  die  .M(Piia\vk>,  who  liniiiaiielv  inlei- 
eeded   in  lllelr  lieliali'.* 

Iiillii-|ii;iii(iii  of  die  appmaeli  of  the  Kreiieli  haviiiLT  iieea 
?^eiil  le  Korl  Alliiiiiv  l»V  die  aullmrilii's  nl' Seliciii'etad\',  lliree 
(jf  the  prli!eip:il  eili/,eli>  Wel'e  >elit  lo  ,M.  de  (  ".  )l  ireelles  1  ( i  ill- 
(luir.'  wlril  were  hi,-  iiileuliniis  in  invadiiiL:  theediinlrv  lie- 
leiaiiiiLT  liidif  l''ai!_;li-h.  i  >e  ( '.  iereelli  -  icjilied  dial  he  had 
nil  de<ll'c  li>  lilnli'sl  die  I'lli^i'i-dl  ill  dli'H'  p(i-~(  .-~ielis,  lull  ealiie 
>e|iK  111  SI",  k  Oil!  and  plllll-h  die  Mnhaw  ks,  \\  lie  were  die 
lailt  lenliu'i  rlif;ilie.<  111    ihe  Frehch,       i  le  al.-n  l-epic-cllled    lit 

iIh'Iii  die  .^lali'  of  hi<  aianv.  wmn  eiii  with  laliL;iie  imd  iiiiii- 
lit'i',  and  iei|iie-itd  lli;i1  lliiA'  wuiild  >r\\  him  pn isi,-ii ms  and 
enii-eiil  ihat  he  iiiii^hl  si'iid  hiswiiniidid  III  Alhaiiv.  'The 
laiL;li,--li  leMililv  aureed  In  dn  a.-  Ill'  de,~ir(;(k  and  die  ihai  duv 
seviii  wiinndi'd  |-"ienehnien  wne  <riil  In  Alhaiiv.  'I'Ih'  iii- 
haliinnils  aUi)  iMi'ried  lariir  i|iiaiililirs  nf  lieaii,-.  Incad  and 
(.idler  prii\  i-inns  In  die  Fnneh  eanip.  Im'  wlmli  lliev  were 
lilierallv  p  lid. 

I  >!■  C'nlll'ei  lie.-.   Iia\  ini!  I'esled    lli<   II H  11  lillt  1 1    llie    l-'lll,   snd- 

di'iilv  lirnki'  np  hi,- camp  and  lia>lilv  iiliaeed  his  ,-leps  In 
Lake  Champlaiii  and  tinm  tlieiirr  in  Canada.  Tlir  Mu- 
hawks.  wliii  Were  al  itieirrn-l  \illaL;i',  learniiiLj  dir  lelreal  nj" 
the  I'reiM'h,  inunedialrlv  .-l.nled  in  ])ii!'-inl  and  tl)lli>ued 
ill'  111  as  liif  as  the  hike,  wliei'e  tjicx  innk  ihiir  pii.-iiiirrs  and 
tuund  the  liiidies  rii  live  nun  will!  had  pii'i-liiil  nl  euld  and 
linimer.t 

'I'ho  (.'xpedition  (ifM.  de  Cnnrct  lies,  ahhnnLih  it  hail  failed 


'li'inlnn  fuy-'  tlu!  wholi-  nf  ilu  Courcylle.i  I'Ui'ly  woul.l  iiuvr  Loin  ilc-trn^yril  but  fur 
the  ir.tiTocfsinn  of  Curlivir. 

■fLiiud'iU  Oiiouincnl  IL.     In  tat  Vulumo  Duouiiiciitary  Ilistury  of  New  York. 


121 

to  I'ciicli  till'  Moliiiwk  vilhiLiv's,  tlirniiLih  tlio  niistiiki'  of  tlie 
guides,  I'.'iiiscd  miicli  ;iii\i('ty  to  lln'  liidiniis  ;  nor  weri'  tlifir 
li>;irs  diiiiiiii^licd  liv  the  iiili)riii;itii)ii  cniiuiiimicincd  liy  ihc 
prisoner,-  lli;it  M.  i\v  Triicv  Inli'inlcd  to  >('A\d  ;i  uiucli  hiriicr 
llircc  into  ihcif  coiiiitiA"  llic  ii^'Xl  siiuiincf.  'I'o  nAci't  llir 
tlircalciiiim  .-lorin.  llicv  di  Iciinincd  to  iii;d\c  iiiiincdiiilo  ovcr- 
tiircs  ti)!"  j)r;ic('.  Acco|-diiiLilv.  ill  J  illic,  KlCiC),  ten  Aiul);iss;i(lois 
li'oiu  tlir  Moli;i\\  ks,  ;iccoiii]i;iiii(  d  IjV  ;i  drli'i;;ilioii  ()!'(  >ii(Id;i.s. 
n'p;iircd  lo  (^iiclicc,  ;i-kInLi  pitilcction  l()r  tlicir  )m'()|iI('  .■iiid 
;i  renew,  1 1  of  llie  old  lre;il  ie>  of  pence.  .M.  de  Trnex'  ;it  !ir.-t 
rel'ii^ed  to  receive  their  \\:iiiipiiiii  lielts,  liul  pereei\  iiiL;- tii;;! 
i'lis  e:ill<ed     1  liem  Lireiil      ;ili\iel\-,     lielllKillv    ;ii'eepted     llleir 

propos;ils.  Ilul  while  the  ncLio! i;il loiis  were  in  |)roL;i'e:-<  at 
(jiiehec,  iiiid  just,  a-  the  Kreiieii  \  icerov  heijan  to  coiiLiralii- 
late  liiiii-eir  upon  tlie  hitiii'e  >eciiril\'  ol  liiv  coloDN  ,  a  Irauedv 
look  phiec  on  L;ike  Chaniplain,  whieji  lor  the  time  deleated 
III-  |ilaii<  and  deslro\'ed  all  hi-  eoiiliik  nee  in  the  jiroli-sions 
ol   the  Indian  depiit  les. 

h'ori  St.  Anne  w;is  al  tlii<  time  L;arri-oned  hv  >evei-al  coin  ■ 
[)anie<  of  the  Cini'jiiaii  i'e:^inienl.  one  ol  which  was  (■oiii- 
maiidc  d  li\'  Sienr  de  ('ha--\',  a  nephew  ol  the  \icero\-. 
Appii-ed  ot'tlic  liie  nd  I V  pi-o|i'--ion<  of  ihe  \Ioha\\  k.-  and  tin  a' 
de-ne  lur  pi^a.ce.  the  M!iilia--:idoi-:  ol  thai  nal  ion  having;  pass- 
ed the   l(»ll  oil  their  Wa\    lol^u,  hec.  ll |||C(  IS   re|;i\ed  their 

u-iial  \iLnlaiiii  and  ;imii-cd  llieni.-e|\rs  hv  li-hin'j  and  hiinl- 
iiiu  ill  ihe  111  ii^hhoi  hodd.  W  liile  a  -mall  pail\  ol'  I'^ri  nch 
ollicers  and  soldiers  were  thus  eiiL;aL;ed,  tliev  \\(M\'  -nddeiilv 
aUacked  hv  a  hand  ol'  Mohawk  Indian-^,  who  killed  two 
Cariunan  ( 'a  pi  a  in-,  di  'Trax  e-\  and  de  ( 'ha<v.  and  loek  .-e\  - 
<M'al  \ohiiili'(  rs  jtn-oiKa'-.  Inlorinal  i(,n  ol  I  his  treach(a'oiis 
act  was  laimediiicK-  -enl  lo  (^iii  hce,  ;iiid  one  ol'  the  Indian 
di  |iiilics  |);id  ill,  \  ,<.\\\  andaciiv  lo  Imim-I,  at  M.  de  'I'racv's 
lihlc,  that  he  h  id  sinm  the  ollicei'-  w  ah  In-  o\\  n  hand.  The 
Indian  wa-  -''ized  and  .-t!'anL;l''d  on  the  .-pot  ;  ;md  .M.  de  'I'ra- 
cv,  iinakliiL;  oil' all  iieL;oii;ii  ions,  sent  M.  de  Soi'(  I,  at  ihe 
hi  ;ul  ol    three    liiiiidred    men,    aqaiiist    tlie  Mohavvk  villages, 


2S 

with  orders  to  overrun  tli(^  wiiolf  country  iiiul  to  put  cvrry  in- 
habitant to  till'  sword,  yi.  (Ir  Sorcl  li;id  l>y  iiirccd  ninrclies 
crossed  I.akc  Cli:HU])lain,  and  was  pii,-liiii,u  rapidly  towards 
tlif  Indian  viJIaL^rs,  when  lir  was  met  l)y  a  u>\\  dcpntation 
from  till'  Mohawks,  hriiiuinu-  hack  the  Jw-cnclimm  taken  pris- 
oners near  l^'mt  St.  Anne  and  olKrin.u  every  >aiislaclii'n  t()r 
the  niurdt'i's  ciunmitlrd  ihcre. 

Slill  desii-(ius  to  s(<cnrt'  peace,  and  in  thr  helicf  that  the 
demonstration  already  niadf  had  ovri'-awed  the  Indians,  M. 
do  Sorel  ii'traced  hi.-  s>t<'ps  to  (^uelice,  where  nri!oliations 
were  a^uain  roumed  wilii  snt'li  >uec(  ss  that,  on  the  l-'th  (it 
Jnlv,  atr(\atv  was  siiuied  i)v  which  the  Indians  aureed  to  re- 
store the  Canadian,  Alunmiuiii  and  Heron  ])rison<-rs  in  their 
hand.-,  and  to  hecomrthe  i;i>t  friend.- and  allioof  t!ie  I'rcnch. 
On  the  other  pan.  tiie  viccniy  pi-ianiscd  to  (•Mend  his  protec- 
tion over  till  ir  nation,  "to  -end  some  Mack  ,uo\\  ns  (.Jesuit 
missionarie.-)  amonL!  the  m''  and  "to  open  a  trade  and  com- 
merce l)v  the  lake  (hi  Saint    Sa(a-ement."* 

*Kelali(jns,  en  aiiuecs,  l(j'.i.'i — 0. 


h 


Errata. — On  pagt  10,  instead  of  Twlouassac,   read  Tadoussac — and  on  page  17, 
ioitead  of  Agonnou^nmni,  read  Agonnonsionni. 


.'5 


h 


CrTAPTKR  TT. 

M.  <li'  Tracy  collects  ii  lar^'c  ariuv  at  K!o  l.a  Molte— lie  marclio!!  nc;ain?t  and  dcs- 
triiys  the  Mdliaivk  villai^rs— (Jumlilion  (if  Canada  — He  Callieres'  inojcct  I'm-  tlio 
invasion  ol  New  V"rk — lliirniiii,'  "I'  SchiMiccliidy — ('a|ptain  .lulin  ScliiA  lei-'s  at- 
tack on  l-'oit  Lajiiniric— Mai '1-  I'hiliii  .-claiylci'.-cxii.'illiidn  tu  Canada — del'niiitc- 
nac  niarclu's  a.ainst  the  .Mcdiinvks. 

W;ir  i>  tti(^  (I(Til;1iI  of  llic  siiviiuv.  Il  I'liriii^lirs  ;ui  cNcili^- 
ni.-'iil  iH'('i;s~;irv  in  liis  li;iji|)iiiiss.  Willioiit  it  he  pines  rind 
w.istcs  ill  iii<nlli'r;il)lc  (|iiirt  ;  ;i  rrsi  li'<-;,  luix'inlilr  hriiiL;-. 
To  (ilii;iiii  rclifl'  III'  lii'.-it;ili's  not  lo  \  i(i|;iii'  ilic  mnst  sacred 
treat if's  di'  lii-eak  ili<'  tie-  ol'  Idiiu  ediiliiiiieil  triendsliij).  -'We 
inusi  eil!)er.''savs  Sir  William  .luliiison,*  "peniiii  tlie-e  peojile 
to  cut  each  dtliei's  llirdats,  or  ri-k  llieii-  (li-e|iari:iii,L;'  their 
iiirv  dii  diir  tj'adcis  and  deli'iieel'-s  Irdiiiiei -.'" 

M.  de  'I'racv  sdiiii  tiiiiiid  lliat  he  cdiiid  only  se(aire  p(  laiia- 
neiit  [)ea(;e  and  (|iiiet  to  the  cdiiniy,  hy  an  exnedilion  mid  the 
Mohawk  cdiiiiii-y.  of  >uch  fiircc'  as  lo  make  thai  implaealtle 
nation  teel  ih"  (h'stniedvi-  power  ut'llie  Ki-eiieh  Arms.  \\  ilh 
such  an  army  he  now  prt^pared  Id  march  against  the  Indian 
villa.aes  on  the  'Mohawk  Ivixer.  jNever  had  Fort  Si.  Anne 
preseiiled  so  li\elv  a  sci'iie  a,<  was  heiieid  thi-rein  Sepicm- 
l)er,  It)G(').  Wiihiii  the  lint  and  clo<e  under  its  deli'iices 
were  collected  si\  hundred  ve!"i-ans  of  I  lie  ('arii^iian-Salicrcs, 
while  on  the  mam  shore  op[)osile  lay  encamped  an  eipial 
number  of  vohinlecrs,  fitiJii/d/is  oi'  ^\]t'  colony.  One  hundred 
Huron  ;nid  Al<ron(|uin  warrior.-,  hedaiihed  with  paint  and 
bedecked  with  fbalhers,  stalked  maje<lically  aniony  the 
crowd,  and  rendered  the  muht  boisit>rous  with  their  war 
songs  and  dances.  The  lai)or  of  prepaririu  this  expedition, 
the  largest  wliich  had  yei  Ix^en  collected  on  Lakc^  Chaiuplain, 
■was  confided  to  M.  Talon,  Inlendant  of  New  Fran(;e. 


*JLe((or  to  Earl  of  HillH>K>rough. 


.'}(> 


ihi  \hv  I  si  of  OcIkIm  r  .M.  <|i'  ('(iiiiccllcs  .-larlcil  iVdiii  \\iv. 
liiil  .'il  the  liciid  of  liiiir  luiiiili'cil  i.iicii.  ()iillicllir  •"•d  llic 
iii;iiii  l)(i(lv  iiT  llir  niiiiv  iinAiil  oil'  iiiidi'i'  llir  iiiiiiiciliiih! 
(■(iliilii;iii(l  of  M.  (If  Triicv,  wlm  dcspiic  Im-  iidvuinil  veins, 
w;is  dclcriiii.'icd  til  lend  ili(>  cNiii'dit inn  in  pcr-cii.  Koiir 
diivs  id'liT  Siriii's  dc  ('l:;iiiil)lv  ;iiid  lirilliitT  liill,i\viil  widi 
llie  ivjr  i;u;ii'd.  'I'lir  prdiiic-s  of  ilic  ;ii'iiiy,  .•ilici'  il  iciirlicd 
I  111'  unnoi'  Olid  nf  llic  l;d<r.  \\  ;i<  slow  ;iiid  lidioiioiis,  ;m  I  lir  iin'ii 
(li'ai^Lrcd  with  thnii  two  >iii;dl  pirrc^  ol  (■.■iiiiion  ;iiid  tliifr 
liuiidi'i'd  1 1;  It  I 'an  or  li;irk  ciiiiocs.  .  liiili  li;id  In  en  jiio\  idi  d  jiir 
crossiiii;' tlif  lakes  iiiid  ri\r!-s  on  till  ronte.  It  was  de  '|'r;iev"s 
intention  to  snrprise  the  Indians  licloic  tin  \-  .-lionld  lean  of 
iiis  advance;  Iml.  iioiw  ith-laiulini:  the  Lireal  eautioii  ol  ijic 
troops,  t hi.'  Mohawks  I'letived  limelv  inliu'mation  of  their 
appro.'ieh,  and,  ahandoniiiL;  ihe  villages,  ■-eeri.Ied  theiii.-e|\  es 
in  ihe  .-nrromidiiii;  lorests,  or  a.-eeiided  the  nioLintain.-,  and 
li'oiii  a  distance  lired  landoni  shots  al  ihe  .-oldiers.  'Tlie 
Flench  t()iinil  thecahinsoi'  thi<iialion  I  nuer  and  hetler  Imilt. 
than  anv  ihev  had  ■>een  cIm  where.  The  \  illaues  were  sur- 
ronnded  hv  a  triple  pali.-ade  iwt  ntv  leel  in  JilLihl.  iiewlv  le- 
pai  red  inn  I  .-treiiLitJieiied  and  1 1:  n  iked  li\  loni'  iia,-l  ion>.  Lar'ie 
( inantil  II  .-  ol  Indian  (.'orii.  Iieaii>  and  other  pioNi-iuns  were 
stiii'ed  ;iwav  in  iiiaLiaziiies  .-unk  in  theuinnnd,  and  nil/in  ion.; 
tanks,  made  ol  iiark  and  lilled.  .--tood  ahinit  the  enelo.-nre  to 
.-np|)lv  the  inhaliitanis  withwahr,  audio  e\iiiii;ni-li  lircs 
\'>hi'n  iieee--ar\.  I'AirylhiiiL;  indie.-itrd  that,  tin-  lniliaii>  in- 
tc'iided  to  make  a  ^Iroii;^  deli  nci  .  Iiml  thiv  n^t  hem  intiini- 
(hited  hvtiii'  >triiiL:ili  and  numiiii--  ol  the  iii\;i,|i  r-.  lint  ;is 
it  wa>.  nol  a  wairior  or  alile-liipdh  d  m:in  wa.-  to  he  >i-r]\  ; 
1 1 II  A'  ii:id  il'd.  Ie;i\  ini^  liehind  onlv  the  Women  ai;il  a  lew  old 
and  il'.'crepil  pil-on-.  ti/:>  li'ilijc  to  ese,!pi  .  'I'iirse  .M.  de 
'J'rae\-  retained  as  pri-oncr.-.  In  th;>  nianiier  he  |.i;i>sed 
lhroiii.li  I'le  whole  eoiintr\    iiii'il  In    icm-h.  d  the  nio-|   i-eiiiole 

Mollliwk    X'ilhlL^i-.      wllii'il    h'     huilied.        Alier  !■(   IrhnitillL'Ma-^S 

and  ietMiniir_i  tliank- to  ( lod  tin  the  -aicee-.^  of  the  enterprise, 
.*ht    l''reueh    jctraced    ihi  ir  .-tep>    toward-    (Canada,  uii  iheir 


31 

w;iv  I)uiiiiiia:  ill"'  I'llit'i'  vilhucs  and  (Icslroyiii;^  all  llio  provi^;- 
ioiis  tlicv  codld  not  ciiirv  (ill.* 

While  the  ariiiv  was  piissiiiLT  "car  Scliciicctady  on  its  rc- 
tiiiM,  M.  di'  Ciniiccllcs  cidli'd  upon  Corlcar,  who  il  will  ho 
riiiit'iiilMi-cd  li'id  ri'iidiicd  iIm'  Ki'riich  such  siuii.d  si/rvici; 
llic  nitccdiii^  wiiiicr,  iiuil  iii\il((l  liiiii  to  visit  (';iii;i(la.  <)ii 
Lake  ('li;iiii|il;iin  the  llrct  nl'  limits  ciiCdiliitcrcd  a  hciivy 
slinin,  which  c;i|i>izcd  twd  ciiiocs  with  ciL;hl  [lersoiis  on 
hoard,  nil  of  u  hoiii  wcic  iinli'rtiiniitclv  di'owiicd.  Amoiii;; 
the  |icrM.ii>  ihii-  lo-i  ucic  CmiIc:!!  and  Liciil.  Sicur  (\<'  Lu- 
^c.-,  ;iii  ojiiccr  ol'  !.;rc:i1   iiiciii  ;nid  di-l  iniii(  Jii.t 

'The  c\|)i'ililioM  ol'  M.  dc  Tr;icS'  c|I.''ctii;illv  suhdiicd  the 
.Moh;i\sk.-,  and,  li'i  the  iie\i  t\\enl_\  yi  ais, -ciaiicd  the  setlle- 
iiKiils  oil  1  he  Si.  liiiwreiici  lioiii  the  inroads  ol  dint  ii;ilioii. 
Till!  C';Mi;id;i  \\;isnol  de-liiicd  Ioiil'  to  c  ii|o\  t  he  lilc-siii'is  ol" 
pl'oloiilld  jiciii  e.  'rell  \e;i|-  h;id  >e;Mce  el.i|)si'd  helcjre  she 
lliund  lie!  M  If  ;ii'  liii  eii'j;ii;i  (I  lu  ;i.  de-tiiictive  \\;i!-  with  the 
\\'(,-.|(iii  liwi|iioi-,  \.liie!i  <'oniiiMiid,  \\ith-hori  inieiAjils  of 
;  1  liee  ;ii|i  i    Willi   \  ,11  !•  d   >llee(  .--.   mil  ll  I  lie  llciil  \'  o!     I    tl'ccht    in 

1}|:;.  |'"(;,  -iser.-il  veins  ;ilier  ilu'  coiiinicncenieiH  ol  dii-; 
war  the  l'ai:jli>h  coloiii-|>  were  on  tri(  iidly  terms  with  tho.-e 
ol'  ( 'iiniidii,  mid  i  e|i(  iiledl  V  ielii-ed  ni  md  the  \\  estein  Iro- 
{|Uois  in  liieij-  coiiiiiA  <i  .-\  Willi  the  l'"rencli.  'i'licv  were 
ci|ii;dlv  c:u(  I'ul  to  do  noihiiiL;  to  |)re\ent  il.  "'riic  h'ivc  .\ii- 
liojis  are  a  Imlwrnk  iHiwecii  us  inid  the  l^'reiicli,"  said  (los- 
eriioi-   Doii'jan.v     'I'hiit    Inilwiirk   \\  iis  .--ironLic-i    in  war.     In 

limes  ol'   |)eiice   il    nil'jhl   el'imiiile   into  lllolns. 

'Till    iicci  ^-ioii  ol  W  illiiim  iiiid  Mary  to  tln'  throne  ol"  Knu- 
limd,  in   l('i~^!'.   \\;i>  liillowed   li\'  a  wiir   heiw ccn  the  I'liiiilish 


"<-l!.cInli'n,  .tc.  I'li  la  \.mi\  :  I'imii't,  in  :iiiiii'0-^  li  ii'i — il. 

■tJ'lio  iiiiMiint-  "f  tlHM'  cxin'ililh^i.'  Ihr'.ii^li  l.iilvC  Oli;ii!i|ilain  ilo  tiol  clciirly  imli- 
i\i[i)  [h>-  iiuto  rollnui.l  \,\  tlir  I  reiH'li,  liut  it  wa-  (nulalyly  uIkii};  the  wc^tiTU  lunlor 
(if  llii'  laUc  us  I'ar.-iiulh  us  llir  niitiit  of  l.alic  (.ifm-fio,  tln-nuiJ  tlif  outli'l,  and  l!:roui;li 
tliai  l;ik('  til  it.-<  licail,  Inirii  wlicnoe  il  crcsM'il  the  country  t.i  the  watrr-!  of  tlu'  llud- 
Kuii  Hi\er.  Ill  ilii'  tifaiy  Ijitwi'i'ii  llii- l-'ruiu-li  ami  lr(ii|iioi-i,  rcfurreil  tn  at  tliu  cloao 
uf  t!ii^  iiixii  .liiij;  iliapu  r.  il  uii.-  t'.\iin>>ly  |irn\  idrd  tlial  tiudo  ami  i'oiiiiiiuri.'o  bu 
111.1  mil  |i'  the  lioiiiiMi.-,  with  Nrw  l-'ruiii'i',  "by  tlui  lalic  ilii  jaiiit  Saorcim'nt." 
Jl'"i;^run">  lii'Vit  I"  llu'  Cini.iiiitti  r  of  TiaiU>  :    Uis7. 


82 

;iii(l  Ficncli,  \vliicli  coiitiimcd  until  the  pcucv  nf  nyswick  in 
I  lilt/ .  Til''  iir\v>  of  till'  (|ii:iritl  liciw  I'lii  I  lie  iiiMilicr  cmiiitrics 
Sddii  rcaclird  AiDiiic-i,  ami  llniiid  llic  C'cloiii^ls  of  Imili 
nations,  uol  itiilv  willing,  hu!  aiiMoiis  to  participaii'  in  tlic 
striiiz^li'.  The  I'ht'valicr  dr  Calliiic-;.  w  ho  i\;i-;  (lovirnor 
of  Muntri'al  and  ( 'i>inniandri-in-l'tii<'r(.t  liic  troops  and  Mili- 
tia in  Canada,  xi^ih-d  l'"rani'('  in  tin'  xcai'  Itl^H,  and  ^iil)init- 
ti'd  to  llh'  l\inir  a  ij'ojcct  loi'  till'  i-('diic|ion  of  the  l'i-o\i:;ce 
ot  .\{'\\'  ^  iii'k,  the  ri-islal)li-iiincnt  of  I'lrnch  ;.'><■(  ndcncy 
ovi'f  the  l''ivi'  Nation-;,  and  the  con<ci|ni'nl  conli'ol  of  liio  l:i- 
frativ(   lin'   Ifado  oi   Anioric  i. 

Dc  ( 'allioii>'  |)lan  \va-  to    Ir.id    an  ainiv  of  two  tliousand 
ini'ii  np  till'  lilclii'lirn  Iiivor  and   l>  iki'  ( 'liantplain    as   lar  as 

the  cariAlliL:    place     lirlwoi  li     Wood     ('lr(k     .nid    llic    llndMill 

liivcr,  \\  lit  re  lit'  would  liinld  ,1  snrill  Iol''  toft,  ami  ijairison  it 
with  'wo  liniiilri'd  nifii  lo  Linaiil  tlif  iiatfaii  iliirini;  liis 
ahsi>nct'.  Willi  tlit>  test  of  his  army  lifwonhl  ninth  ilinci 
;if;Min.-t  Fori  ( )raimf  (.\llian\ )  which  he  would  seize,  ami  then, 
enibaikniif  in  the  hoats  and  canoes  timml  there,  wnidd  pii^h 
on  tor  New  ^  ork.  Tins  town  he  fepi'esenteil  a>  conlaininc^ 
two  hnmireil  lion-es.  and  as  proieeted  hv  a  Mnall  liii't  which 
ct)ulil  otliT  Iml  a  >liLjhl  fe-'i^iaiice  to  \i\<  attack.  To  prevent 
snccor  reachiiiLr  the  town  tioin  l»o>ton  or  l'',i;Lda!id,  he  re- 
tjuircd  tint  two  >hi|)-'  of  war  >honld  he  >iiit  to  cruise  in  lIu" 
month  ol'  llit>  river  until  his  aiaivid.  i)e  ('alliere>  predicteil 
the  hiLdie^t  benefit^  to  France  li'oin  the  success  of  hi<  projtx't. 
•'It  will,"'  he  (leclar.'il,  ••firnilv  e-lahli-h  die  (.'iai-tian  rtdi- 
ij;loii  as  widl  among  the  Iroijiiois  as  anioiiL^  the  other  -a\  a^fs  to 
whom  we  shall  he  able  to  speak  as  nia>ters,  when  the\-  ai'c 
ciicirtded  t)n  the  -itlc  of  Canada  a-  wi  11  as  of  jNCw  ^  ork.  ft 
will  setaire  anil  tiicilitate  the  cod-ii.-lierv.  which  is  carrictl 
on  alontr  tnir  coasts  of  Lacadie  ant!  on  the  ( !ieai  liaiik.  It 
Avill  uivc  His  Maje.-tv  t)ne  of  the  i'liiest  harbors  in  America 
wliichcan  be  cutert'd  dnring  almost  all  seastms  ol  tht>  year, 
in  less  than  one  month  of  very  (•a>y  na%  iLralion."  Accept 
til'..'  tiivorabltj  iipporl unity  which  [)it\s('iii>  itselt'  of  l)ec()ining 


niMslcrs  (if  ^l^\v  York,  jidds  dc  Ciliicirs  in  (•()ii(lii>i(ii),  Mi,(i 
flif  tnidc  111' niir  Ciiloiiv  will  lldin  i.-li  ;  reject  it,  iiiid  Kii'jlish 
iiitriLiui's  witli  die  ln)(|iiMi>  in.d  oilier  .-•  i\  ;iL:e-i  will  destfov 
(.';;!i;m|-i  in  ;i  liltle  w'hiie.* 

'i'lie  |''reiic!i  l\iii'.r  ree.'ived  de  (';ili;rri'-  wilii  ("ivor  ;i:id  ill 
June  of  tlie  siiiiie  _ve;n-  sent  iiisi  riielioiH  to  C^miiiI  de  I'riniie- 
li;ie,  itieii  \  ieeroN'  o|  (';ii!;id,i,  to  or^;iillize  ;;ii  expedition  to 
e;irrv  out  die  |iioiio^ed  |i|;iii,  and  directed  tliiit  de  ('.illieies 
>llNiild   he  .-ipid 'iiiled  (Jo\'erilor   oftlle  col:(|Uered    l*ro\  :r,r'.'. 

The  iviiiL;  ;il-o  ordered  Sienr  JleL^on  to  send  out  iwo  .-iilji-.  et' 
\\:if  under  conmnind  ol  >ienr  de  l;i,  ('iiltinii  re,  \v!io  \\;ir>  in- 
.-Iriieted  to  pliice  iiini--e!i"  under  the  (lireetKJii  oi'  (!'  Kroiih- 
liiic.  should  t  lie  proposed  evpedilioii  t;;ll,  de  (  ';iliniiere  \\  ;is 
ordered  "to  ii;:ike  w.ir  ;;L:;iiii<t  the  Kiiv'i:-!;.  ;iii,l  to  r;!i;ue 
;don^  1  he  eo;i-|s  ol  .New  Mii!^|-ind  ;nid  .Xi'W  ^  oik.  locupiiiie 
;is  in;iii\'  prizes  ;i<  po--iole.  nnd  to  reni.iin  I  hi  re  iini  il  he  h;i\ c 
HO  !n.>re  pro\  i-ioiir-  |ii:i!i  :ire  necosiii'v  i  r  liis  reiurn  to 
l'"r;inee."  ( 

While  the  l'"re  leh  were  eiiL'.iiied  ill  pros, ciii iiiL;' t hc  wiir  with 
ill"  indi;in->  at  t!ie  wi  ~t  tliev  sii'iii  to  have  lieeii  reirardle-s  ot 
the  e\pos(Ml  >tate  of  llie  Iroiilier  toward>  liake  Chainplain. 
'I'he  old  tculs  of  St.  Anne  and  St.  Theii'.-a.  w  hieh  hail  pro\  ed 
so  ureal  a  protei-lii.ii  t  w  enlv  \ears  helore.  were  siiilered  to 
decay.  Montreal  was  iiol  loriilied  ;  a  li'iple  palisade,  in  poor 
re[»aii',  heinti;  its  main  delciici  .  Indei'd  the  oni\-  work  in 
that  ipiarter  o|'  aiiv  sireiiL'ih  wa>lhe  tort  at  ('haniMv.  whieli 
had  heeii  reliinlt  ot  stone  and  was  -nrroiinded  l(\'  a  smail 
liir  llonri>liinu' seltleiiient.  On  the  I'Jili  ol' Noveiiilier  Ki^/  a 
li'rniidalile  partvofthe  lroi|noi>  suddenly  attacked  thi>  liirt. 
'The  n;arri.-oii  made  a  >neees,-riil  resistance,  hnt  the  >etde- 
nieiil  aroumn  was  ravaui'd  and  >everal  of  the  inhahilaiils 
taken  prisoners.  A  lew  dirys  later  t lie  whole  coiiiiirv  hetw  ecri 
the  St.  Lawreiici'  and  the  lticheli(Mi  >waniied  with  a  savage 
liost,  who  demanded  iininediale  audience  with  llic  Covcrnort 

'lU'  Calli<'rc>  III  tlir  .Alarniiis  of  SoiKnelay.     .Iiinuar.v,  lt>HlV 
+li\?t.ruotion«  tii  roiitit  'Ic  rrontena"',  .luiio  Vtli.  ti'.S.i 

O 


84 

M.  <lo  DciKirivillf,  ami  liaimlilily  dictnlrd  |)(>aco  to  the  weak 
ami  tcnitird  inlialiilaiiis.  "  Look,"  riifd  die  proiid  Cliiot", 
poiiiliiiii  toward^;  a  liaiid  ol  twrUc  hui)driil  warriors  at  liis 
hack,  "wr  arc  liko  lin'  liaMs  f^'  \\\r  liiro!  in  iiniiilirr  and 
slroiiLici"  diaii  dii'  iiiiulitv  oak.  Yom-  pcoplt  arc  liw  and 
weak.  W'c  lia\  ("  no  occasion  to  lili  oin-  whole  hand,  liiroui 
little  linirir  is  sniiicicnt  to  dcslrov  \i)n."  Dcnonvillc  bowed 
licllirca  storm  he  could  not  i{'si.-t,and  conchidcd  a  ticalv  of 
|ic:icc  n|)ou  the  teruH  j)ro|>o-.ed  hv  the  sasaucs. 

( )|'  short  (hiratioii  was  this  liouii  ol  peace  to  the  l''rei;ch, 
the  aceeplancc  of  which  alike  pidclainicd  their  own  hnrniha- 
lioii  and  the  [)owcr  ol'  their  .-aNaLic  liie.  On  the  'JCitli  of 
Jul\.  1 1'^"-,  twelve  hniiilri  d  Indian  wariior;--  landed  on  the 
i-laml  ot  Moiitical,  and  h:i\iau  o\cr|)o\\(  red  a  lincc  ui  one 
hnialicd  and  lil'iv  t';,na(li;ni>.  and  litlv  Indians  iniprndcnlly 
.-cat  ;iL;ain>I  tin  lii.  dc\  a^tated  the  wlnilc  icttlenient,  killini: 
nciH'lv  a  1  hon-and  of  the  inhaliilant>  and  hcarinir  two  hinidied 
of  tlieiu  into  e;i]iii\  itv.''  'J'lic  Si.  Lawrence  frontier  wa>  now 
at  the  iuorc\  ol  the  liei'cc  and  relent l(ss  Ircxjuoi  -.  'i'hc  |io\\ cr 
of  the  French  was  paralv/od  ;  trade  lan^nisheil,  aqi'iculture 
was  intcrrnplcd  and  the  wry  c.\i.>tcnc(j  ol'  tin;  I'olony  threat- 
tni'd. 

."^ucli  was  the  iilooniv  condilioii  ot  atliiirs  when  the  instruc- 
tions ol' tlie  Kin^;,  liir  an  in\asion  of  .New  >( irk,  reached  the 
Count  de  Krontenac.  ']"hc  ti'oops  in  Canada  consisted  of 
ihirty-tive  conipaiiies  of  rcjnlars,  c;ich  of  which,  win  n  full 
nunihercd  fiftv  men.  V>u\  ;i1  least  ll>nr  hundred  and  iifiv 
Were  rc(|uircd  to  iill  the  ranks,  so  that  the  actual  ninnher  did 
not  excieil  thirteen  hundred, t  Ol'  \\\v  Imhilnns,  ahonl  three 
thousand  weri'  aide  to  bear  arms.!  Aliiion-li  de  Froniciiac 
could  not  .-end  out  an  t  xpedition  of  ihc  maLniilndi'  and 
strength  projjoscd  inlii~  in-iructions,  he    neveriliek'.-<   deter- 


•Gnrilou — AVarburtuii,  Wil.  1. 
t  De  r'tilli..'rc3  to  the  Jtiirqui?  of  Sfiijnolay. 

fTliis  was  tho  estimated  number  in  liiST.     It  l.nd  jirnrial'ly  ilocreiiscd  iliiring  tli" 
two  succeeding  years — Seo  Gdv.  Dongan'a  R(|".rt  to  Board  of  Trade. 


35 


niiiipd  to  or^.'inizo  tlirrr  small  (Ictnchmciits  to  march  npainsl 
the  Kiiyli.sli.  Olio  was  to  n'lidrzvous  at  .Moiiurnl  and  was 
to  proccrtl  ;ii.';iiiist  Alhaiiy,  aiiolhtT  \va>  to  iisscmlilc  at 
Tlirt't'  Ifivcrs,  li(»m  whtnrr  a  (Icscciit  was  \n  lie  mailc  up- 
on the  soltl<'m('Mls  near  llic  ('i»niu'riiciit,  and  the  third 
was  to  stall  lioin  (^iiclit'c  to  attack  t!i"  scttlcincnts,  (Jii  iIk; 
scnixiard,  (  ;isl  ol'  llosldii. 

'I'lic  |iarl3'  w  liirli  Idi  'i'liicc  Ifiviis  .-nrpiiscd  and  d^'strnvcd 
the  KnLilisli  sriilcnirni  nf  Siihium  l'";il!<  inid  on  tlnir  i-clrcjii, 
lallini;  in  wilh  M.  dr  ManiiM'v;il,  wlm  had  iii;nTh(,'d  lioni 
(^lichee,  jdincd  him  in  an  ;itt;ii'k  on  thr  liirliiii'd  xilhi^i'  iit" 
Kaskcli"  ii|i(i!i  the  scicoa-l,  which  they  cajjlnrcd  alicr  a 
scNcrc  strniiLilc* 

'I'lin  third  and  nin-t  iniporiiint  dc  Inchnn'nt  numljciid  two 
hiniih'cd  ,ind  I  en  nicn.  iu<ln(hiiLr  niuciy  ,-i\  I  Inom  ;iiid  AIliihi- 
(inin  ln(h;Mis.  Thi-  dcl;alniicnt  was  placed  midcrthc  coni- 
Miand  III'  twi)  (';ni;i(han  dUicir.-,  Sirnr  la  Movnc  (\r  St.  lirlc- 
cc  iind  liii  iitcnnnt  Daillrhoat  tir  Manli'l,  ha\iii;i  under 
iheni  d'  [hei\ille  and  dc  .M(iiilc.-.-un.  Altached  Id  ihc 
•  xjieihiiDn  as  Mihnileci's  weie  Sienrs  de  J'xmrt  pos  and 
<ii'  la  Hi'issc,  Iwii  ("aKinisI  uliicei-,  and  Sienrs  dc  lilaiiiN  illc 
and  de  .Montiiiny.  The  parly  leli  Montreal  ahont  the  middle 
ol'llic  month  of  Jannai'v  KiiH),  crossiiiLf  to  the  Ificliclieu  and 
ascciidinu  ihat  ri\er  and  fjake  Chainjilain  on  the  ice.  At 
the  cliise  (il  the  >i\ih  day's  march  a  con.-nllalion  was  held  to 
delcrmine  ihe  idiileto  he  taken  and  tn  rcunlatc  llicplan  of 
allai  k.  'I'he  Indians  asked  where  the  oliiccrs  jiroposetl  to 
lead  ihem.  To  lhi>  de  Si  Jlclcnc  fcplicd  thai  he  had 
received  no  orders  III  march  against  anv  particular  pla<e,  hut 
'.icneiallv  to  act  a- he  should  think  Ihsi,  and  that  he  wi.-hod 
to  allack  and  snrpiise  Furl  OiaiiLic.  which  he  reprcseiitc-d 
as  the  I'apilol  ol  NewYoi'k  and  a  place  of  considcrahle  iui- 
pMitaiice.  'I'lu'  Indians.  rcniemherinL;'  the  defeats  of  the 
[■"rench  duriiiL;  the  precedinj^  year,  and  holding  their  prowess 
ill  sliglil  esteem,  oppose<|  this  plan  as  rash  and  impraclicu- 

*\Varbuil.oii,  Vul.  I. 


30 

till'.  "Alliu'k  Mil  ;iiiiii(l  lull  liidcid,"  (lied  II  s\V!irtliy  \v;w- 
riiir   if()iii(';illy,    "Since  when   li.ive  tlie   Kiencli    lieeoiiic   so 

despelMle  !"  "W  r  wi.-liln  leLliili  ()ll|-  IkhihC,  'Meplird  de 
Maiilel,  "or  ])"ri>li  in  :(i  '.dorinn-  ;ia  mici  [iri>.'."  'I'li"  liidi- 
;iii.>,  Imwever,  reiMiiiiied  nncdnxineed  ;ind  llic  |);iily  iiinxcd 
(III  V.  it'iniil  (■uniiii!.'  tip  n  deei-loii. 

I'iiulil  (l;iv.-  ;;iler  llii-^  l!'i'  |i;i!l v  icnclied  llie  |inin!  w  liece  die 
twip  roiiie<  lo  All>;iiiv  ;ind  Sell.  iieei;i(l\-  (li\(']'i:ed-  '!'li''  In- 
dians look  die  lii.id  ieiidiiiL;  Iii\\:;!(is  ScIk  iicel.idv,  niid  die 
I'Vcneli  |i)ll(i\ved  widiuul  (ilijeclidii.  Nine  ('•i\>  .itier  diev 
;irii\('d,';il)(Hit  lluir  in  liic  e\eiiiiiL',  wiiliin  Iwo  iiii!e<  of  dinl 
)ti;;ee.  Here  t  iie  >;i\  ii^es  \\  ei'e  iiddressed  liV  ( Hie  (il  tlieir 
('!lie^^■,  \\|i((  uiiied  dii'in  iM  Id-e  ;in  reedil'.'ctiuii  dl'  dieir  lii- 
l'L;iie  ;'!id  to  |ii'e|);ii'e  lo  I;ike  ;iiii|)!e  n  \eiiije  liir  the  injuries 
di  \'  li;id  rce(  ived  liom  die  lri'i|iiiii-:  ;il  tiie  >!iliei!:ilien  ni'  the 
Mll'^ll-ll.       II;i\illLl  rellKMIied    Iri'e  to  rel'ioll    itielll.-eK'es  lllid 

]ircj»:ir('  llieir  iiriiis.  ili"  pnrtv  moved  on,  ;ind  idnnil  I  I  o'clock 

(Mine  witllin  >'\'S:\\  ol'  llie  vill;  Lie.  Tile  lllljllt  WIIS  iiite!isely 
cold  ;ind  li;e  cidziii-;  li;id  re!i!iil  i  ;n  l_v  lo  lied — 0\en  those 
who  ii,-,n:iilv  Llini'ded  t!i(>  <j::\i--~  of  the  |);ili.-.;ide  li:id  willi- 
dniuii.  le.-isiii::  tlio-e  aveinn's  ooen  liiid  ii'id^'i'iiidcd.  In  [iro- 
lipiind  >ilenee  the  (';in;idi;!ii  olHec!--  niiirehed  i!:!o  ihe  vilhiiiv 
.•ind  disiri  I  lilted  tli"ir  !orcc<  nnioiiL:  the  xMiteri'd  hoi  ;s(.'s.  As 
soon  ii-  c;!cl!  n;;iii  \v;is  j)ro|iiily  posted,  ijie  s;i\;il;('s  riiiscd 
lh('  w.ir  crv  and  the  whole  loree  riidieil  njion  the  iincnnscions 
inlialiitiinls.  De  ^r.'intet.  at  th"  !i"ad  ol'oiie  party,  assaulted 
a  small  ti,rt  v.hicli  la.'  captured  ai^.d  hn-iied  ;  pnttiiiL'  to  death 
ail  %vho  deli'iided  il.  I '«'  St.  llejeiie  ni>lied  a^ainsl  the  liar- 
ricadcd  doors  of  the  private  lionso.  I)i>atiiiq  them  down  with 
niuskcLstiudslauiihtcriiiii:  every  one  whoopposcd  iiis  pro'j:ress. 
Ill  the  contusion,  M.  dc  Moiiti.miy  was  wounded  l»y  the 
thrust  of  a  spear.  'I'lic  massacre  lasted  liir  two  hours,  and 
(luriim  that  tunc  sixtv  of  the  inhabitant-;,  iiKdudiiiii  women 
and  children,  wcrebutclirred  in  cold  lilood.  Ilavinu  pillaged 
and  hurned  every  house  in  the  villai^c  hut  two,  the  French 
;nid   Indian?,  early  the  next,  morning,  .started  on  their  return 


137 


ill' 

II- 

lu' 

y 

;il 
II 'ir 


to  CcUiiid;)  Inking  with  tliciii  iwiMiiy-si  vcii  |)ii,><(iiiris  ;iini  (•.'•r- 

ryiiiu;  oU'lilly  Imrscs,  hc.sidrs  ;i  (|ii;iiitity  i>\'  diIki-   |(rn|)rilv.* 

'I'lic  new-  ul'tliis  miirdiTDiis  ;i-i-;iiili  n  .iclicd  AlliMiiv  iiliim) 

live  n'lliiclv  llir  lirM  IlimililiLr.  illlil  ciTjllrd  llic  Lrrc'llcst  cuii- 
^-l^l■|l;ltil)ll  ;iiiii)Iil:  ils  iiili,iltil;iii!s.  Al.'iiiii  j/illis  Wrrr  liird 
Iriiiii  itir  Idit,  ini'<s;iui'>  wcir  .-nil  In  iv-ii|iiis  li>r  ;i<>i>l;iiicr, 
mill  liiMimirr,  ;i  .Mitliawls  Clil;  rilirii  in  A  ll>;inv,  liiiirird  In  tin ■ 
Moli.'iwk  (\i.-||i's  Id  liriiii:  down  tlic  u  riors  ni'  ili.ii  nnllon. 
In  tlirrr  d;iys  ;i  ji.iily  of  liliy  ydiiiin  mcii  lidm  .\ll>;iiiy  inid 
niir  liiHidrcd  ;iiid  liliy  lnd!,ni>  wciv  nillrclcd  ;il  Sriiriicrliidv, 
■■ind  slirird  ill  |iiiisiiii  MJ'  ihc  irirciiin;^  iii;ir;niiliT,-.  At 
Criiuii  I'liiiil  till'  \  iMiiii;  nun  u;i\<'  (uii.  lint  L;iiiiiiirr  ;iiid  liis 
lnili;iii>  cdiil  iniinl  on  ;is  l:ir  ;i<  C;in;iil'i  ;nid  >iicci'r(lri|  in 
lArrliikmL' ;i  piuty  nf  (';ni;'di;in-,  wlm  li;id  drii|i|)id  in  ilir 
I'r.'ir  of  till'  main  Imdv.  id'  wliuni  llnA  killnl  >i\  ami  limk 
tWi'Ur  jiriMiliit.-. 

Till'  aiTiilinl-  L;iM'li  li\  ihr-r  ni  i.-iimi'-  w  ilr  mI' ilic  nin^r 
stiilliiiL;  iialnir.  Ccninl  dr  l''rnii|riia'-,  dicv  said.  \va-;  lni-ilv 
niLiaiji'd  pri  ()aiiiiL''  Inr  an  inva-mn  I'l  .Ni'W  ^lllk.  llr  had 
ali'i'aiK'  I II I  ill  mil  hiiiidrrd  and  I\m'Ii1\'  liatraii  and  kih'  hnndn  d 
liiii'li  raiini'^  and  inhndrik  in  llir  s|ii'iii>.'.  U>  pass  iiji  Laki' 
Clianiplain  al  llir  lirad  nriilirrn  liniidird  rri;nlar  lriMij)>  and 
oiir  tlionsaiid  allii'd  Indians.  Lrlli  i- wirr  iiuw  addn.-srd, 
l)\'  Liriilrnaiil  (iii\  n  imr  Ln'.-lrr.  In  dif  ( iiiM'iiiDi's  dI  llir  dil- 
li'Mill  l'rn\  Iliri'S,  rallinu  rai'llr-^tlv  Inf  aid  In  |»M)lrct,  llir 
rxpnsrd    llniil  li  T  I  ii '\nnd    Alliail\.       'I'llr    |'"l\r    NallnllS    WlTU 

alM>  a-sriiiMt  d  in  minii  il  and  aLiirrd  In  Ini  in-^li  riLililirn  Imn- 
drrd  x'v'arrinr.-  Inh'jlii  ihr  Krmrii. 

.\nr  Wrrr  llir  ailtllnlilirs  ni'  AlliailV  iillr.  (  )n  llir  -JCith  nf 
Marcli  tlirv  nidrrrd  ('a|itain  .lacnli  d"  W'arniln  piorrrd  to 
('rnwii  I'ninf  willi  sr\rnlrrn  i'',iiL:li-li  and  iwriilv  Indians, 
and  tlirrr  watrli  tlir  nmvi  iiiriils  nf  llir  riirniy.  l-'nni'  days 
1  itrr  Cajiraiii  Al)r;;iii  Srlmvlrr  was  sml.  \si:li  ninr  lurn  and 


•M.  'li'  .M.inseigimt's  .locuiiiit.  tii  this  in'i'inint  it  is  statt'I  that  ''sumo  twenty 
Holmwlis  wen.'  spared,  in  onler  tn  sIidw  tlnMu  tliat  it  was  tlic  Euglisli  iiud  not  they 
against  w!i(ini  the  grurlgi!  Mtg-i  ont'^rtiiined."' 


;i  piirly  ol  Mnliiiwks  iiiidcr  linnri-iii'i',  to  mko  pd.si  ;it  Otter 
Creek,  ti)i'  ;i  si  mil, ir  j)ur|  HiS('.  Cipiiiiii  Selnivlcr.  while  ))():sI(mI 
;il  (>tter  Creek,  KhI  ;i  seoii!  of  ei^jit  luiliiiir-  ;is  t';ir  lis  C'li.'iiii- 
l»ly,  \viitM-(-  111'  eiicdiiiitei'ed  ;i  siii.ill  |)ir;\'  ol  llie  h'reiieli,  (it" 
\vliiiiii  lii'  killedl  \\>i  ;iii<l  limk  line  |)ri.-(iiier.* 

Alinul  liii'  h>iii  ni'  April.  (iiKMiI'llic  piirties  u!)  L;ike  CIkiiii- 
[)l;iiii  ,-eii!  ill  Weill  tii;il  they  li;i(l  di-cnN cred  ihi'  track  nf 
tWcKe  l-'reiieh  ;:iid  Jiidiaiis.  proeci'diii!.':  in  the  direetinii  ni" 
Alba  I IV.  W  ariiiiiLiiii'daniicr  was  iinaied  lately  sent  lhr(iiiuh"Ut 
the  eouiitrv  and  the  inhahilaiils  were  ad\  i.-ed  In  reti'eal  into 
tlu'  iieiL,dil)oriiii,' tdWiis  fur  sali'lv.  Two  iiiiiiilii's,  n'sidiiii;- iK'ar 
Scheiieetadv,  iieyleetrd  the  advice  and  wcir  attacked  during 
the  uiLdit    and  ele^■en  ni'  their  niiiiilicr  killed  or  caj)tured.t 

'The  tear  that  this  sncecss  niiiihl  excite  the  French  In  tiu'lher 
(iiitrauc  lia>ti'ned  the  preparatiens  dl' ihi.' .\cw  York  ('(ilnriisls 
lor  the  invasion  ot"  (.'aiiada..  On  liic  l>t  of  Mav  an  ai>ree- 
iiieiit  was  conclnded  helwceii  the  prosinccs  of  Massachu- 
setts, (,'oiiiiccti(ait  and  \cw  York  li}-  which  each  was  to  liir- 
nish  its  ([uota  of  lrooj)s  liir  the  expedition. |  At  the  uruciil 
riMjiiesi  ot'  New  Kniruind  the  coniniaiidofthc  ex|)editioii  was 
conli'rred  upon  .]ohn  Wiiahrop. 

A  na\al  expcdifioii  was  ;il.-ii  fitted  onl  liv  the  Colonists 
.ind  soil;  against  (^iiclicc,  iind';-  coniinand  ot'  Sir  W'ijliain 
l'liip|i>. 

The  army  under  Major  General  \\'iiithrop,  niimhering 
eiylit  hiiudred  iin'ii,  left  Albany  id)out  the  1st  of  AiiuiisL  and 
])rocee(led  on  its  march  a>  tiir  as  Wood  Creek.  There  Wiii- 
tlirop  waited  a  ti'U  d;'vs  tiir  the  promised  i  enitliicemcnl  of 
Ind.ians,  but  these  not  arriv  inn,  nor  iuini.-hing  a  Mip])lv  ot' 
canoes  to  cross  the  lake,  as  thev  bad  [iromised  to  do,  lie 
called  a,  eonucil  ol'  war,  who  decided  il  inexpedient  to  pro- 
ceed tiirtbei'.     'I'lie  expe(htion  v.as  tlH'rctiiie  abandoned  and 

'■|i'iiHiiin.'iil.iry  lli-tuiy  k'f  -Vow  Vc,rl\. 

tl.l. 

}:Xc\v  Viiik  was  10  lui'iil.-ii  four  buiidnjii  iiurji .  MivrsiichiiM-n.-,  uiio  liuinlred  and 
siMy;  Coniiei^liciit,  iiiin  LiuniJifcd  .■iml  luirty-li' i'.  lai'li'lyuji'ntli,  i^ixty.  Jlarylaml 
pmniitcil  oil"  l;iiiiiirfi.i  iiioii 


tr 

(I 

II- 


so 

the  1r()i)|);'.  rcliinifd  III  Alljiiiiy,  wIhtc  llicy  were  (HsoandiMi. 
Ati;i(;li('(l  to  W'liitlirop's  ;iiiny  \s  ;is  (';i|)I;iiii  Joliii  !*clii;vlcr 
dl'  All);iuv,  ;i  man  ol  meat  liravt'iy  .'iiid  riiciL;\'  of  cliariiclcr 
atid  dl  cDiisidcrahlt'  cniii  ricncc  in  hordcr  warlJiir.  Si-liiivlcr 
was  dis.sati.>li('d  witli  tlir  dcci.-ioii  of  tlic  council  oT  war, 
wliicli  lie  (•oiisidcrcd  weak  and  cowardly,  and  dcclaicd  llic 
<aiu])aiirii  should  no),  he  ahanfioiicd  so  easily.  Heating  np 
tor  Volunteers  lir  s(joii  L;atliered  around  liini  a  little  liand  of 
Uventv  nine  liillowers,  each  as  hold  and  darinii;  as  iiiinseU". 
To  these  he  added  one  hundred  and  twenty  Indians  who 
had  arrived  at  the  camp  under  eouiinand  ot"  Juriacn,  <'alled 
die  tt'rocions,  and  ha\niLi'  loadi^l  a  nnmher  of  canoes  with 
pro\  isions.  proceeded,  on  the  Pith  olAuLiust,  fis  lar  as  Caii- 
aijhsionie  (prohahlv  Wliitehall)  where  heiiieampid  liir  the 
iiiLihl.  The  iicNt  (lav  he  ai:ain  einharked  with  hi-  jiartv 
and  on  the  r.'Ist  ol'  the  month  reached  a  point  '"one  mile  helow 
(he  sand  hank  ol  ( 'hamhlv."°^  In  the  course  ot'  the  journey 
one  ol"  the  Indian-  di(<l.  "Ilediid  o|'  sickness,'"  adds  llie 
l)rav<'  Captain.  e\identlv  snrpri.-ed  that  so  ijuiel  a  d(>ath 
.■-hoiiJd  he  reserved  tiir  a  Mohawk. 

On  the  :.'•.'/!  the  littk'  parlv,  ha\inu  first  secreicd  their 
canoes  and  pio\  i-ioiis,  started  hy  land  li)r  Laprairie,  which 
lav  on  the  south  >hore  ol'the  St.  Lawr(  nee  |{i\(i-  ahout 
lilteeii  miles  distant.  W  hile  Sehiix  ler  wa>  .-low  Iv  appioach- 
in'4  Laprairie,  the  inhahitants  ol  that  [dace  were  haviiii;  a 
Liala  da\  in  honor  oliheir  ( ioM'rnor,  the  brave  old  Kroiite- 
nac,  w  ho  lia\  in^  learned  lidni  \\\<  -coiits  that  \\  inthiop's 
arinv  h.ad  retired,  was  maichiiiLi  w  it  li  eisjlit  hundred  men  lo 
(^uchec,  )■!  re|»el  the  threatened  attack  ol'  Sir  William  i'lii])[)S 
in  that  (piarter.  l/iltle  did  tlie  (|niei  hu.-liandnien  inia<^ine, 
as  thev  sal.  near  their  doors  at  eveiiiiiLi,  ciiattiiiii  over  the 
stirriiiy  incident.-  of  the  da\,  repeatinu:  to  lisleiiinu   ears    the 

"Soliuylcr  in  liii  jniiriial  cf  ihi.s  o.xiicditiim  pivis  lli«  Iiiiliiiii  iianics  ol'  Hovcial 
liK'MJilio  01]  I,alir  Cliiiniiilnin.  on  tlii'  hlli  lln' parlv,  lie  U'll.-<  iif-,  rciu'liiil  AriH'"i. 
ii'i)/.>  iiiul,  inivclliiiH  lilt  nii^lit,  iiiriM"!  tliu  nc.\t  moi'iiin;^  iit  (h^hym.  Tlio  iif.\t 
nif^lil.  Ilicy  tiiivt'llcil  ii:^  I'iir  ii.-  Oultn-'intl,,  wliorc  "tlii'v  dftcniuiK'il.  liy  the  iiiaj"i-itiiv», 
t.u  lull  uiion  V'lTl  liiijiraiiic," 


40 

\\(iii(l(is  cicli  li;i(l  seen,  jiiul,  ])('i'h;ips,  iciniciiin  ;il  ;i  sccurilj' 
which  till'  (Icp.'irturr  n\'  ihc  tnxips  scciiu'd  to  (■oiilirm,  ih'it  ;i 
!)aii(l  111  lirnc  mid  (li'tcriiiiiu'd  wiiniors  l;iv  scciclcd  iiiidci' 
I  lie  very  tree.-:  which  hnrdci-cd  il.c  hitli'  sciilcinciil,  I'c-idv 
with  the  iiidiTow's  sun  In  l)!'iii'_;'  dc.-i  I'liclicM  ;iiid  (hsilh  alimit 
lh(i<c  nidi'  lull  h;i|)|)V  lioiiics. 

K;irlv  (>!i  the  iiKiriiiim'  ol'  the  -.J-aI  Schiivlcr  sent  ll>r\\;ird 
his  spies,  w  ill)  .-iiiiii  reliirned  with  iiil()rhi;iti(>n  th;il  the  in- 
hahiunils  were  leavini;  the  ioit  to  uo  iino  the  liclds  to  cut 
c(ii-n.  It  was  Schmdei's  inieuiion  id  wait  (|nietlv  luitil  llicv 
reai-hed  the  tle|i!>  nud  then  phice  Ins  |i:u'tv  hetwcrii  theni 
and  the  liirt,  so  as  to  intercept  tiieir  retreat,  hii',  throuLih  the 
eaL;'cruc,>s  111  some  youni^'  savaire-,  the  wai'crv  was  prenia- 
lurelv  I'aiscd  and  lioth  the  Kn'jh>h  and  hKhinr-  rushed  to  the 
attack  without  waiii;i'i  li<r  order--.  'I"i:e  French,  takinir 
ahirni,  ha-'ilv  n'tirrd  1o  thi^  tiii't.  I)n!  not  until  .-i\  ot'  their 
iunnl)L'r  were  kill( d  and  nineteen  lak(Mi  pri,-onei-s.  As  soon 
as  the  piisoiiers  were  secureil  the  assailants  li'll  upon  the 
cattle  ti'cdinu'  around  the  tint  and  killed  one  hniKh'cd  and  lii't v 
head  ol"  o\eu  and  cows.  They  alsosei  lirt  to  all  the  houses 
and  hams  (UUsidethe  lorl,  \vhieh  were  <])ecdilv  cen^inneck 
The  KiiLdish  wished  to  attack  the  liirt  it-elf.  huf,  did  iint  do  so. 
as  the  hidians  rei'u>cd  to  aid  tlieni.  The  liirts  at  Moutreul  and 
Clianililv  now  ^e;.- .veri;  .:  "he  alarm  L;nn>  lired  at  Lapraii-ie, 
Schuvhn'  hastened  his  o.  pui'tiire,  le-t  lii<  retreat  niiiiht  he 
laitoli';  hut.  lieliire  JeaN'iuL;',  his  Indians  hurned  the  hodv  oi' 
one  ol   their  tuuniier,  who  Imd   lieeu  killed  durinu  the  alirav. 

The  party  retreated  alioul  x'Niii  miles,  when  they  hidted 
tiir  dinner.  The  same  evenin;,^  they  reached  the  river  and 
emharked  in  their  canoes.  The  next  dav  thev  went  as  lin- 
ns the  ruin.-;  ot  old  Koit  St.  Anne  and,  on  the  loth,  stopj»ed 
on  the  louL'  sand  point  near  I'ort  Kent,  where  thev  killed  two 
I'dk.  The  next  day's  journey  t<iok  them  to  a  place  which 
iSi-huvler  calls  "The  Little  Stone  l-'orl,"*  irom  wliieli  ii  canoe 

"Tlils  Tv:i-  probalilj  ii  -lifjllt  worli  tliruWJi  up  liy  Giiit.  d'  WuiJil  at  Cnnvn  Point 
till'  Miiroii  |iri'\  iour,  nr  ono  (ircoKMl  iit  Ticomli'mKa  hy  enjit.  Sairlir.'-  Olrii  wliili;  lii\ 
w.vii  wuitinj:  tliiTi'  I'nr  llu-  iiiiv;uicp.  of  V.'intliio[i'.  uriiiy. 


iiniv 
'■It  ;i 
iidi'i' 
■.■id'v 

III  Mil 


41 

was  sent,  liiiu'arcl  uil.li  the  news.  On  llir  ^'7tli  the  pariv 
rcachi'd  ihc  iiidiilh  of  WoikI  ('reck,  and  on  tlic  :!l.-t  anivc'd 
with  their  piisoiicrs  in  safily  at  Albany.* 

Dnrinu  the  winter  oi'  l()!»U-!»l  tlie  .\ew  ^'ork  Colonists  were 
too  naieh  occupied  wilii  their  inlcrnal  (h-^pntch  to  i:ive  nnieh 
attention  to  iniHtary  atliiirs.  In  the  spring  however  their  chl- 
licuhies  ceased,  and  active  nieasnres  were  at  once  adoj)ted 
I o  carry  on  tlic  war  with  Canada.  'The  frontier  [)osts  of  Al- 
haiiy,  Sclienectadv  and  Hall-Moon  were  repaired,  iheMiliiia 
reoraaiii/ed  and  a  conlei'ence  held  with  the  Five  Nations,  with 
whom  the  l''rench  emissaries  had  lieynn  to  tamper.  'J'lie 
Indians  not.  only  [)romise(l  to  abandon  all  neirotiation.s  with 
till"  French,  bnt  pledged  themselves  to  make  war  ii[)oii  that 
people  so  loiiu  as  thev  slionid  live.  An  expedition  was  now 
[)lanned  aiiain.-i  Canada  ;  the  Colonists  wisely  coiicludinu; 
that  the  onlv  wav  to  secure  the  co-operation  ol  the  savaucs 
was  to  uive  them  active  einplovnienl. 

On  the  •-!■*>]  diiy  of  .linie.  Id!)  I,  .NFajor  IMiilip  Schnylcr  li  ft 
Albany  at  the  head  of  one  hnndred  andlitiv  l'aiiili>li  and 
thit'c  linndre<l  Indians,  and  crossing  Lake  Champlain  by  tlie 
ronte  taken  by  his  l)rother  Capt.  .)ohn  Schnylcr,  appcrncd, 
uncxp<'ctedly,  beli)re  Fort  liaprairie,  which  lie  carried  by 
surprise,  killinL'  several  oi  its  delenders.  I)e  (Jallior<'s,  tlii'ii 
( iovernor  of  Montreal,  lia.-til\  collected  eii^ht  hnndred  troops 
and  crossed  the  rivta',  when  the  KiiLrlish  retreated  to  the 
woods,  where  thev  met  and  destroyed  a, -Mia  11  detachment 
sent  forward  to  cut  otl'  their  retreat.  A  short  tiini'  atter- 
wtirds  M.  de  N'alreiics  comiiiii  up  with  !'  kirgc  tbrcc,  a  severe 
and  desperate  battle  was  foiitrht  between  the  two  |)arties. 
Schuyler  posted  his  men  behind  trees,  and,  tiir  an  hoar  and  a 
half,  withstood  the  lire  and  icpclled  tlu'  charires  of  the  Ca- 
nadian troops.  In  this  eiiiiaueiiH'nt  the  loss  of  the  Knulish 
was  trilling,  whik^  not  less  than  two  hundred  of  the  French 
were  kiUed  or  wounded.     iSchuyler,   li'aring  to  be  overpf)W- 


'.lournal  of  Capt.  Julm  Scliujloi . 


4:2 

frcd  by  superior  nuinhcr.^,  now  luistily  withdrew  and  returned 
to  All)any. 

The  liivornbli:'  result  of  tlii<  (.'xpcdiliou  gave  a  new  impe- 
tus to  tlie  warlike  temj>cr  of  tlie  Jrocjuois  and  strengthened 
their  friendship  tlir  the  Knghsh.  Tlieso  Inchans,  tiir  the  next 
two  years,  so  liarassed  the  Frencii  that  de  Frontenac  tletor- 
Icrniincd  again  to  invade  their  territory.  For  this  j)urpos(^ 
he  collected  a,  ibrce  of  six  or  seven  hundred  French  and  In- 
dians and,  about  tlie  middle  of  January,  ltJ!3:{,  set  out  from 
Montreal,  tlu-  the  Mohawk  valley.  The  march,  u})on  the 
frozen  surface  of  the  lake  and  through  the  deep  snows  of 
the  forest,  was  attended  with  trreat  hardships,  yet  such  was 
the,  enertryot"  the  invadeis  tli;ii  t-arlv  in  Fehinarv  they  pass- 
ed SchciH'clady  uiiol)serve(l,  and  falling  siiddeiilv  upon  the 
lirst  Mohawk  village,  killed  many  of  the  inhabitants  and 
took  over  three  hundred  prisoners.  As  soon  as  the  intel- 
ligence of  this  incursion  reached  Albany,  Major  Si'huyler 
collected  a  ])arty  of  about  three  hundred  men,  principally 
Indians,  and  started  in  [mrsuit  of  the  assaihuits,  who,  ac- 
cording to  their  custom,  had  retreated  immediately  after  the 
attack.  Schuyler  continued  the  pursuit  as  tar  as  the  Hudson, 
and  would  have  overtaken  the  enemy  had  not  a,  severe  storm 
of  snow  and  wind  prevented  his  crossing  the  river.  As  it 
was  he  succee'lcd  in  reeaptu'iiig  about  fifty  of  the  prisoners, 
with  whom  he  returned  to  Albany.  The  sufU'rings  of  those 
rngaged  in  this  expedition  were  so  great  that  the  indiaits  fed 
u{)on  the  dead  bodies  nf  the  enemy,  and  the  French  were 
eompeUed  to  eat  tln'ii'  own  shoes.* 

Although  the  contest  betwecni  the  French  and  English 
ciintinued  several  years  lunger,  this  was  the  last  expedition 
ol  any  importance  which  entered  the  valley  ot  Lake  Cham- 
plain  during  this  war.  The  peace  of  Rj'swick,  in  KiU/,  was 
soon  tlillowed  by  a  formal  treaty  between  the  French  and 
the  Five  JN'ations. 

*'iordor. 


1 1 


CHAPTKR  111. 

hulian  Do])rcdations  on  the  Frontier — I'orts  built  by  tho  New  York  Colonists  <jn 
\V'H)(1  Creek — Two  ExiiDili lions  orgiiiiized  iij;aiM.st  Canatln — Conditiim  ol'  llm 
Country  about  Liiko  Cliiimplain — The  I'Veiu  li  buihl  ii  Fertat  Crown  Point — French 
Orants  on  the  Lake — Troubles  ann.n;;  tho  Xew  York  Cnlonists — Altem[it  to  settlo 
the  Land.s  lying  between  tho  HudBon  Itiver  and  Lake  Chamiilain. 

The  hisloiv  oi'  I'vcnts  founecicd  w  illi  Lake  Clinniplain 
bi'iii.irs  us  down  1o  the  year  I'/di).  Dtiriiiir  "  Queen  Anlle'^^ 
\V;ir,"  which  coniiueiici'd  in  170:.',  ihi^  froiilier  towns  of  New 
KniiUind  were  severely  scourged  hy  marruidiiiii- [);nlies  tioin 
Canada.  Deeriield  was  destioyed  in  1701  hy  a  [)aity  oi" 
three  hundred  l-'r^'iich  and  liKhinis  under  eoniin;uid  of  th<; 
inl)uinan  ch'  Roiiville.*  'ii  17  0^,  a  parly  ol'  H>ur  hundred 
men,  inelMdiiiii  savngi  s,  crossed  tlic  almost  iinpiaetiealtle 
mountain^  of  N'erniont  and  \ew  JIanipshire,  and  attaekcd 
the  little  liirt  and  village  of  Ilavt-rhill  which,  after  a  sharj) 
deliriire,  Uiey  carried  and  reduced  to  ashes. 

These  and  otiier  rejieated  and  un[)rovoked  aggressions  at 
length  aroused  th<'  liritish  Ministry  who,  in  170!>,  at  the  (>arn- 
est  solicitation  of  the  Colonists,  adopted  a  plan  for  tin;  con- 
(luest  of  the  l-'reiich  possessi(jns  in  America.  This  plan 
eonteinplaled  an  attack  l»v  water  upon  (Quebec,  whilst  fifteen 
hundred  men,  iVoin  New  Vork  and  the  New  England  Prov- 
inces, were  to  attempt  .M(jiitreal  hy  the  waj'  of"Iiake  Cham- 
plain.  'I'he  inhal)itants  of  New  Vork  entered  warmly  into 
the  scheme.  They  not  only  furnished  their  (|uota  ot"  troops, 
hut  several  volunlec^r  eom[)anies  were  organized  1o  join  the 
expi'dition.  Tin-  Fiv(>  Nations,  through  the  exertions  of  Col. 
J'eicr  Schuyler,  were  induced  to  take  up  the  liatchet  and  to 

*Thi.H  expedition  followed  the  route  up  Lake  Champlain  to  the  Winooski  and  then 
n.-icended  tliat  river  and  crossed  the  mountains  to  tho  Connecticut.  On  tlieir  return 
tliey  secreted  tlic  "bell  of  St.  He(^is'"  in  tlie  sands  of  liurlington,  where  it  remaineJ 
until  tho  following  spring,  when  it  was  taken  to  Cannda. 


1! 


1 1 

si'iiil  |i\,'  hiiiulicd  \v,iirii(r>  iiiln  lln'  ticM.  .Nrw  York  ;ilsi), 
III  liiTdWii  (  \|)iii.-(',  (ij)(ii((l;i  im;i(I  I'loiii  .\ll);iii\'  1(1  liiikf 
<.'li;i(ii]il;iiii,  wliicli  iiM'atly  lii'.ilii.-itid  the  i;ii)\ciiiiiii.>  of  ilu- 
Iri)M|).-.  ;iinl  ihc  :i;iii>|)(iruiiiiiii  ni'  Mi|)|)li('.-. 

'\'\\\>  I'oad  cniiiiiiciic'i'd  Ileal'  llu;  prcscul  \)llaL;<'iir  Sclniy- 
li  Tvillr  and  run  iij)  llir  lasl  >\t\r  ol'llic  ri\(  r  In  I'^nit  Kdward, 
and  lliciicr  hv  tlic  waynl'  W'n  ;d  Crrckln  the  lirad  ot'  l^akc 
( 'liani|ilain.  Il  ran  llic  wlmleway  diioiiuli  a  dcu.'-t'  lincsl. 
AloiiLr  the  mute  llirue  tiirts  were  erected  ;  one  on  Wood 
('reek  near  the  [)resenl  village  ot'  Fort  Ann  ;  aiiothev  at  llie 
coniiiieiicenient.  el  the  earryinu'  place  hetvveen  the  Hudson 
l(i\(raiid  and  the  hiadol"  Wood  Creek,  \vhieh  was  at  first 
called  Fort  Xieholsoii  ;  and  a  third  on  the  -iiniinit  of  one 
oi'  the  liilU  o|i|)Msiie  ScliuyleiA  ille.  These  ti irt -  Were  huilt 
of  t'llllier  and  were  ^ll)-roUllded  l)\'  |)alisades  so  colistrileted 
a>  lo  |irole<'i  the  L^ari'isons  ti-oin  the  lire  of  niiisketi'v.  One 
hundred  iiateaii  and  a  lari^v  imiiilni'  of  canoes  were  huilt  at 
the  nioiiih  of  Wood  Ci'eek  liir  the  ti  ansjioiiat  loii  < if  the  troops 
across  Lake  Chauiplaiii.  All  the  arraiii:eHient<  liir  the  cam- 
paign heinir  eonipleie,  the  aiiiiN  li  II  Alhaiiv  under  the  coin- 
niaiid  of  ( 'ol.  Nicholson  and  eiieainped  at  h'orl  Ann,  where 
tliev  awailed  iiitellis:('nce  of  the  ai'ii\al  of  the  expedition 
de.-liiied  tiir  the  attack  of  (jiiehec. 

These  deinonstralioii.-  on  the  part  of  the  Knglish  Colonists 
en  ated  iireal  alarm  aiuoiiL:  the  inhabitants  of"  Canadn,  who 
\\'ei'e  hut  ill  prepared  to  I'esisl  the  larL;e  loree  whieii  threat- 
ened iioth  eMiiiiles  of  the  ColollX'.  A  I'ouiicil  of"  AVal"  was 
called  by  M.  de  \  audreuil,  und(~r  who-e  advice  a  t()rce  of 
lilieeii  hundred  men  was  sent  to  liuke  C'lianiplain  to  oppose 
the  advance  of  Nicliolsoif s  arniv  ;  hut  a  misun<lei-standiiiii; 
lielVvceii  the  ( ioveriior  ( ieueral  and  some  of  his  principal 
oHicers  embarrassed  ihf  enterpiise  and  ultimately  caused 
the  arm}'  to  return. 

The  two  e.\j)editioiis  against  Canada  jtroved  ei|ually  abor- 
tive. Th(-'  Heel  d(v-tined  for  the  attack  of  tiuebec  was 
-ent  to  Jiisbon    instead,  to  support   the   Portuguese   ngainst 


ISO, 
i.kr. 


tIic  p()W(>r  (»!"  Castile,  wliilo  Mcholsoii's  iiniiy,  disctour- 
ii,irf'(l  by  delays  aiitl  aliuosi  (Icciiiiafrd  by  a  iiialiti;iiaiit  and 
filial  malady  wliicli  broke  oiil  in  the  cani]),*  relnrned  lo 
Albany,  when;  lliey  were  soon  alierwards  disbanded. 

In  1711  prepa rat  inns  were  airain  made  by  tlie  Colonists 
fiir  llie  invasion  of  Canada.  Colonel  Nicholson,  nnd(M- whom 
served  Colonels  Schuyler,  Whitniy  and  liiuoldsbv,  mustererl 
at  Albany  a  stroiiii'  l()ree  cf)m|)risini>  two  llujusand  Kntdish, 
one  thousand  (lerinans  and  one  tliousand  Indians,  wlio,  on 
the  •J'^lli  of  Antiust,  eoninienced  tiieir  march  towards  Lake 
C'hani|»lain,  lakinii  the  Lake  (leorLre  ronte,  insli'ad  oi  the 
unhealthy  one  bv  the  \\;\y  ot'  Wood  Creek,  which  had  j)roved 
so  fatal  to  the  troops  on  the  liirnua' expedition.  Al  the  same 
time  an  armv  of  si\  thousand  t()nr  hundred  men,  under  JJriu;- 
adier  (Icneral  ITill.  sailed  from  Hosion  on  board  of  sixty- 
<'i<::ht  transports,  imder  <'onvoy  of  Sir  llovedon  W  alker.  Ii)r 
a  simultaneoa.N  attack  on  (Quebec. t 

As  Sditn  as  iM.  de  N'audrenii  I'eeeiNcd  uitelliyence  ot  these 
movemenis  he  hastened  U>  (Quebec,  and.  lia\  uiu  .-tnimlhened 
ifs  delinces,  confided  lo  .M.  de  iioucniu't,  t.h<'  responsible  duty 
of  resistinu  the  debarkation  ol'  the  Mnuiisli  troops,  wliile  he 
returned  to  the  rescue  of  Montreal,  liut  tlu  plans  of  the 
invadinir  armv  wen'  de>tined  to  be  auain  deti-atcd.  The 
liritish  Admiral  had  nealected  the  warniims  of  an  experienced 
French  naviaator,  named  Paradis,  who  accompanied  him, 
and  ap|)roaclied  too  near  a  small  island  in  llie  narrow  and 
dangerous  channel  of  the  Traverse.  While  enibar'assi^d 
amid  its  rocks,  a  sudden  scpiall  scattered  the  fleet,  driving 
eitrht  of  the  vessels  on  the  shore,  where  they  wen;  wrecked.^ 
Charlevoix  says  nearlv  three  thousand  men  were  drowned, 
whose  bodies    were  afterwards    fliiuid    scattered    along  the 

*Tliis  si.'kness  i-saiil  tci  1i:>m'  liocii  cavisi'il  by  the  Iniiiiiris  who  pciisoncd  the  waters 
wf  the  Crcrli.  lUit  I)uc(i.r  Fili'li  in  hi-i  '•Survey  of  Wa~hiiigtim  (.'uunty"  i;uestions 
the  truth  iif  thi>  accusati'Ui,  ami  |  resumes  the  malaily  to  have  been  a  malignant 
dysentery,  liroii^^lit  un  by  the  troiips  ilriiiking  the  stagnant  water  which  Uowed  into 
ihe  ereek  from  tlii'  furrMiiinling  marches. 

+ai)rd.in.     ;\Varburtoii,  Vol.  1 


40 

hanks  ol'  the  river.  Atlei  this  severe  (Usaster  th(!  Achniral 
bore  iiway  tor  Cupi'  lireton,  iiiul  tlie  exiiediiioii  Avas  al)an- 
(loiied.  The  advaiiee  eorpsnt'Nieholson'saiinN'had  scarcely 
reached  the  head  ot"  liake  Geori;e,  when  iiitelli^eiiee  arrived 
(»!'  tlic  tiiilure  (if  the  northern  expedilioii.  Orders  were  al 
once  uiveu  tt)r  their  return  to  Albany. 

'J'lie.-e  two  abortive  attempts  upon  Canada  cost  the  I'rov- 
inee  ofiNcw  York,  alone,  over  thirty  th(/usaiid  pomids  sterling. 
Their  fiiilnre  dishearteni'd  the  (Jolonists  and  cliiUed  tiir  a 
finie  the  atiictions  ol'  tlie  Five  Nations,  who  began  to  look 
n])on  the  Knglisli  as  a  weak  and  cowardly  people.  'I'lie 
situation  oi'  llie  .New  York  (.'olonisis  was  now  most  critical, 
C'louds  ot'advt^rsilv  lowered  darkly  ovei'  the  Province.  The 
river  Indians  beeanie  restless  and  evinced  a  >tronij;  and  iiruw- 
ing  disposition  to  break  their  allegiance  ;  the  Fixe  Nations 
hstened  favorably  to  the  renewed  propositions  of  peace  from 
the  French,  who  threatened  an  invasion  ot"  the  I'rovince 
by  sea  and  hind.  iia[)pily  these  im|)en(liiiif  evils  were 
averted  by  the  treaty  ot"  I'treeht,  which  was  eonclnded 
in  the  spring' of  17|:{.  Jiy  tliis  treaty  the  French  KinLi:  re- 
leased his  nominal  sovereignty  over  the  lro<|nois  and  recog- 
nized their  country  as  subject  to  the  dominion  of  (!reat 
Britain. 

Asj'ct  no  settlements  had  been  permanentiv  C'stablished  in 
the  valley  of  Lake  Cham[)lain.  Fort  St.  Anne,  built  in 
1(K)0,  had  been  occupied  for  a  ll'W  ycais  and  dsen  abandoned. 
The"littli'  Stone  Fort"  mentioned  by  Schuyler  in  It'.DO,  was 
a  structure  oi"  no  importance  e.\ce|)t  ;is  ii  serve<l  li>r  tlu-  im- 
mediate protection  of  tliose  bv  whom  it  was  erected.  Kort 
Ann,  erecti'd  by  Colonel  Nicholson  on  Wood  Cicek  in  17(»!», 
was  burned  by  him  on  the  return  of  lii<  arm}-  to  Albany  in 
1711.  Kalm  saw  the  remains  of  the  ])urnl  palisades, 
when  lie  passed  there  thirty-eight  years  afterwards.  Tn 
17  I'i  Kort  Saratoga  was  the  nearest  po.-t  to  the  lake  on  tlie 
south,  and  Forts  Laprairie  and  Chambly  on  the  north.  JN'(» 
settlements  were   commenced    within  the  present  limits  ol' 


•17 

W'niioiii  until  iihcr  tlie  irrciidii  i»i"  Fort   Diimincr,  on    ihr. 
Coiiiirc'ticut  river,  in  \72l. 

W'v  iiiivc  nlrciicly  seen  lliiit,  li-ointlie  lirst  scttlcnicni  of  the 
coiiiitrv,  fiiii\(^  ('li;iun)i;iin  liiid  Ix'cii  used  iis  ;\.  llion>imlil;ir(^ 
throiiyli  wliicli  predatory  exeiirsiniis  weif  directed  ;iu;iiii!;t 
liotli  the  French  ;ind  Knt,dish  Ironliers.  Its  control  w;i.s 
therefore  ;i  matter  of  ^a"eat  imporliince.  i\o  niovenieiit  was 
however  made  to  obtain  the  I'oniiiiand  of  this  iiMjiortant 
avenue  until  the  yeai'  I7:il,  whi'ii  the  Marijuis  de  lieauhar- 
uois,  then  Governor  General  ol'  Canada,  erected  a.  tin't  at 
Crown  Point,  which  he  called  Si.  Frederic,  in  honor  ot" 
Frederic  Maniipas  the,  then,  French  Secretary  of  State, 
'i'lie  Fnulisli  claimed  the  title  to  tlie  teiritory  on  both  sides 
ot'thc  lake,  by  virtue  ot'lheir  treaties  with  the  Five  Nations, 
and  stronirly  remonstrated  aaainst,  but  took  no  steps  to  ]>re- 
vent  its  unauthorizcil    occnpalion  bvihe  French. 

"Fort  St.  I'-rederic,"  says  a  celebrated  traveler,  "is  built 
on  a  rock  consi.-iiiiu  of  black  lime  slates*  and  is  nearly  (juad- 
rangului',  has  hiah  and  thi(  k  \valls,  made  ot'  the  same  lime- 
sloiu',  o|"  which  there  is  a  (piarry  about  hall'  a.  mile  from  the 
l()rt.  On  the  easleiii  part  of  the  tlirt  is  a,  hi^h  tower,  which 
is  proof  against  bomb  shells,  provided  with  verv  thick  and 
substantial  walls,  and  well  stored  with  cannon  I'rom  the 
bottom  almost  to  the  very  top,  and  the  (lovernor  lives  in  the 
Tower.  In  the  terre  [)laiue  of  die  l()rt  is  a  well  buill  little 
church  and  Ikiuscs  of  stone  tin'  the  olliccrs  antl  soldieis. 
There  arc  sharp  locks  on  ail  sides  towards  the  land  beyond 
cannon  shot  from  the  tiul.  but  among  them  are  some  which 
are  as  iiigh  as  the  walls  of  tli('  tiirt  and  very  near  them» 
Within  one  or  two  nuiskel  shots  to  tht^  east  of  the  fort  is  a 
windmill,  built  of  stone,  with  very  thick  walls  and  most  of 
the  Hour,  which  is  wanted  to  supply  the  t()rt,  is  groimd  here. 
This  windmill  is  so  constructed  as  to  serve  the  purpose  of  a. 
redoubt  and  at  the   top  of  it  aic   five   or  six   small   pieces  of 


•Ctiuzy  Liracetone — Emmons. 


is 


caniioii."*  SuI)sc(|U('inly  ;i  trciicli  nr  wiilc  ditcli  was  (liiir 
;ii()iiii(l  the  liirl,  on  tin'  Liiul  side,  ciiclosiiii;  llic  hill  rclcrrrd 
to,  above,  hy  Kuliii.  'I'liis  trt'iiclicoiniiiciiccd  ;il  the  water's 
edtfe  about  two  rod-s  north  and  teriniii;iled  al)ouI  lilieeu  rods 
south  of  the  I'ort.  Its  irrealest  distauce  I'roni  the  tort,  in  ihi- 
rear,  wiis  tiiirty  rods.  An  euelosure  was  also  erected  about 
twenty-live  rods  north-west  of  tlie  f!»rt  which  reached  the 
water's  ed<,'c  aiul  surrounded  several  bnildinus  used  ibr  sol- 
dier's ([unrters.t 

Soon  alter  tiie  erection  of  tlie  Ibrt  a  scltlenient  of  eonsid- 
I'rable  sizi^  was  fornied  about  it,  on  both  sides  of  the  lake, 
composed,  j)rinei[)ally,  of  the  tiiniilirs  of  old  soldiers  who 
had  been  paid  oil"  and  discharged  from  service.  The  houses 
of  >onie  of  the  settlers  were  convenient  and  coinl()rtai)le,  but 
the  majority  lived  in  mere  cabins  built  of  boards.  To  each 
soldier  in  service  was  allotted  a  snirdl  piece  of  ground  near 
the  walls  of  the  lltrt,  which  was  cultivated  as  a  garden,  and 
ocitasionallv  occnpicd  as  a  suiiuncr  re.^idence.* 

A  small  village  stood  about  half  a  mile  south-west  of"  the 
fort,  and  one  halt"  mile  linther  south  Avas  a  hamlet,  contain- 
ing ti)ur  liouses,  sui'rounded  l)v  wheat  liilds.t 

The  boats  us<'d  by  the  inhabitants  were  ot"  three  kinds  ; 
bark  eanot^s,  dugouts  or  canoes  made  ol"  a  loir  ot"  wood  hol- 
lowed out,  .-nd  bateau.  Tlie  last  inentioned  were  construc- 
ted with  ilai  l»ottoms  ot"  oak  and  sides  ot"  pine,  and  were 
used  tin"  tlu;  transportatii>n  of  troops  or  supplies  iipon  the 
lake.  When  Kalni  visited  the  i()rt,  in  171!>,  ayaclit  or  large 
sail  vessel  made  regular  trips  Intwceii  that  place  and  St. 
Johns  in  Canada .| 

Until  I7o!J  .St.  Frederic  was  the  seat  of  French  power  on 
the  Lake.  Here  was  a  rallying  [)oint  ll)r  the  Herce  Abena- 
(luisfroin  the  iSt.  Francis, th(^  Arundacks  ot"  the  fertile  Ottawa 
and  the  warlike  Wyandois  ot"  the  west — drawn  together  by 
a  common  love  of    revenge   or  the  Ikmk;  of  plunder.     Here 


I' 


♦Kalm's  Travels  in  174!'      t'Tournal  of  the  New  Ilanipfhiro  Scout 
tKalm  >avs  thin  was  the  first  sail  vpsbbI  built  on  the  lake 


49 


I' 


llic  ll'l-iicious  (  >iil;!LMnii<,  llic  ic-llo-;  A  lu' Hii  |iliii  iihd  llic 
\  iii(licii\('  I  liiiiPii  met.  1(1  .'.|;irtli'  liiiiiiiinilv  at  the  rcciial  of 
ilicii'  (|i  ('(Is  of  lidirid  li;'rl)arit\'.  Ii  was  a  >li';iii'ji'  aiul  \  aricd 
.-(•llic  (ilirii  prcst'iilcd  ai  ihi-.  Irdiilicr  ]i(i>l.  Now  \v(iiil(l  lir 
licai'd  llii'  \<'s])iM  lirl!  (.;  die  litll.'  cliai.i'l  cadliiPi  lln'  riid''  liiil 
\  irtiMiiis  liiishaiidiiiaii,  die  srairi'd  veteran  ol'  Kfaiice  and  tlu 
\(ilidtle  ('aiiafliaii  t,(i  tlkii'  e\eiiiiio  |trave!s.  while  a  ninineiil 
later,  the  rci'kx  .-hore  would  echo  to  the  loud  wliooj*  of  till' 
iiier(ale,--  >a\;iue,  i-eliiriiui'j  Iroiii  .-oiiie  .<ueee>,<tiil  jlirrax  iijioii 
the  liei'jiilii  irihU  .-ell  lei  lie  III-.  ( iOll'j  had  t  Ir  '  l'!li'.4li.- Il  ( 'ololii.-l  S 
caii.-e  to  rc'Liri  t  the  waul  of  \  ii^ilaiiee  and  toreeasi  on  the 
part  ol'  ihe'ir  ruler.-,  whieh  |ieiuiilled  tir-  ['"reiieh  to  .^eize  and 
retain  llii,-  eoiiirolliiiL'  |»osition  on  the  hdse. 

(.'oiisideraole  iiilere-!  Ii;-  lately  lieeii  f\pre.<,-ed  in  relaiion 
to  the  prolialile  (Aleiil  ol'  ihe  l'"reaeh  -.'llleiiiiiils  at  ('riiWll 
I 'oil  it.  'I'll!'  \^  hole  jieniii.-iilii,  I  let  ween  I  he  lake  and  linlwaL:- 
'jaJlav,  hear-  d;e  eh  are-f  evidence-  that  a  well  arriiiiiivd 
\  illaij'e  oiiee  -!ood  ihere.  l''raL'nieiii -^  oi'  ti inner  \\all.-,  the 
mill-  ol'  I  iic|o>:j||-('.~  ;i!id  celhn'-  and  the  reniaiii.-  ol  old  and 
|ilaiiil\  niarl-ed  -ireci-,  ;ire  -till  to  lie  .<eei).  'I'lie  \illaL:e,  on 
the  \M'-|.  laced  the  ha\'.  whicli  Was  ii-ed  as  a  liaiiior  tiir  the 
proleclion  of  hoats  and  V(  -el-.  Near  the  riiin<  ol  ilie  liiri 
are  to  he  liuind  a-jiara'jns  and  oilier  liard\  |ilants,  L;r'''\\inu 
\vild,  whi<'li  Yi  I  |iriilial)lv  mark  the  location  ol  the  liitk'  uar- 
deiis  ot'  die  soldier-,  rcli'iied  to  h\'  Kahii.  The  remains  of 
two  Imrial  |)lace-are  al-o  lo  he  seen — one  \i<ii\  |irohahlv  hv 
the  |''reii(  h,  and  the  other  markinif  the  last  resliiiL,^  place  ot 
the  soldiers  who  died  atCroWii  Point,  on  ihe  return  ot  the 
".\rmv  of  ( 'aiiada"  in  i77'l. 

W'c  have  no  data  hv  which  to  a-ccrlain  tlie  exact  popnla- 

tioii  (jf  the  Kreiich   -ctlleincnts  around  !Sl.    Krcderic  :   hiit  it 

prohalilv  at  no  time  tNceeded  si\  or  ei<fhl  hniidrcd,  c\cliisi\(> 

ol'  the  uarri.son  at  the    loil.      'I'lie  period  of  the  existence  ol 

tliesc^  .s<'ttleiiiciits    was  <'oiilined  to  the  I wcntv-oiaht  years  ot" 

Kreiicli  a-(  (.'iideiiev  on  the  l;ike.     Prior  to  I7:il,  the  honji'rs 

ol'thc  lake,  in  <  \(>rv  direction,  were  wild  and  nneiiltivated  ; 

7 


ou 


no  lilllldlliu  slodd  ii|iiiii  it-  >li(ir('<,  imt  ;iii  ;iii(' i.l    ils  iimJi-.I  ic 

liilTStS  ll.'ul  licrll  el;  ;ili(i.  IKH'  |i:i(l  il:-  lirl  lie  snil  llCCll  |(il|(i|.(l 
liy  till'  IkiikI  111'  il:,'  lii|vii;i,iiliii;iii.  'J'lic  .•(•iii;;llis  (if  llicsf 
fi'irly  liiiirs  ;iic  imw  iiiliToiiiii:,  not  .-.o  uiiu'li  li>r  ilicii'  iinil- 
(|iiily — li»r  I'M'ii  iiic  ](i-oL'i-('ss;vi'  AiiH-rir:iii  cii;!!!:)!  whittli'  un- 
til |iiity  out  ol';;  viiiuli'  ccMjiiiA — ;i<  lor  i!,o  cv  iilcn,  ,■  i  'u'V  |ii't.'- 
-I  lit  liow  soon  ilio  lo;iiii  f  liislory  Ol"  tlio  I'oiiiitfV  is  losi,  ;imt 
llic  ('li;if,;cliT,  l;;ii)il:-  ;iiiJ  oi'ri,|i;ili(,ii  oi'  ii -;  lii>i  iiili;il)it;mts 
il!';'  liirui'ltcil. 

'I'lu'  (lovor:.;)!' 1,1  (';;::, :cl::  i'.'id  no;  conrii;!'  liio  fiii'iowcli- 
iiK'iils  ou  li.'ikc  ('!i:;iii|)l:!Hi  :  I  llio  \ii!iiil\'  oi'  ('|-o\\ii  I'oiiit, 
lor.  >ooii  ;ili(;i'  tin'  (  rccii'.ii  of'  i''orl  Si.  I^'irdcrir,  lio  i.-siii'd 
,L:ni:ils,  litr  liirL;''  lr;;rt.-  o.'  hiul  lyi;.:;  oii  In  .1  ii  -idi  s  oi'  llic  ImLc, 
to  M'Vor.'il  ]'.'i':()iis  !:■  i.i.ii.;'  oili'  ■  ii;;d'r  li;;'  l''i(iii-|i  Kiiii;'. 
Til"  lii'sl  oi' ilioi;  L:r.i;.l>  u.i->  i.i;idi'  to  .*^i(iii'  i'l'iin,  .M.'ijoi-  of 
lilo  town  .-Mid  f;is;  Ir  of  (.Jill  ;irc,  on  I'l.  IWlll  dnV  or.\|)|il, 
i  T-!:!,  ;nid  (  ;i)l>r;ii'i  il  n  ti'nci  "iw  o  1;  il:i.,s  or  iwo  nnd  ;i  imlt' 
ill  Iroiil,  liv  ihrcr  ill  ill  |)l!i  nionr^'  tno  i  i\i'r  Cli  iinhlv  ;nid  Lnko 
('li;iiii|ihiin.  to^rtliir  wilii  iho  .iN-i'  C'iin/.\'  inrhid.'d  llirniii 
inid  lslo;i  In  Mo'J"."*  Twii  dn\ .;  .'.ru  r\\nrd>  niiodirr 'jimiil 
An- i--iird  |o  Sii  lir  Si.  \  ini-ciit,  I'lisiLin  oi  l''ooi,  lor  "iwo 
Icnuni'-  in  iioiii  |i\  iliii  o  |i';i'iii('S  iiid  'ol.lion  LlvcC.'lininplniii.'r' 
;iud  nnoilicr,  on  lilt'  "JOtli  >';"llii'  .-nino  luoiilli,  lo  Si.'iir  in 
( i.ni.'liriii'ri'.  ('n[)l;nii  oi  .Ninrinis,  o,'  "l\^  ••  ionuiios  li'oiii.  Iiv 
tliri'O  JonLiUi  s  ilc.r|t  on  -nid  lnl\i  .".;.' 

( )ii  till'  7lli  ol' .liilv,  llo  1.  n  'jrnni  \.-.i-  is.-iK d  to  Sirnr 
C'onlrcroiir  dr.,  i'^n.-iLin  oi  InlnniiA',  liirnlrncioi  hind  wliirli 
wns  (k'srriiu.'d  n-  'djiiiinniirj'  ni  the  nioiilliol  die  lUncic  An  r 
Luiilfis  (Otli  r  Criik,  \  I.)  one  It'n'jiir  niid  n  liilf  niiovr 
nnil  oiir  Icauno  niid  n  linll  liolow.  innlviiiL;'  iwo  lia^ins  in 
I'ronI  liv  tliri'o  in  dcjiili,  td'^illiir  \^  ilii  mi  imicli  of  said  ii\rr  ;i.s 
is  lijnnd  inrlndod  llirroin  with  tlirco  isl'ls  \vlii'-li  nrr  in  Tront 
of  said  conres.don  and  depend  tlieiion."  On  tlio  "-'Otli  ol  the 
.-nine    niontiii  niiotliir  i^rnnt  \\;i.-  inndc    to  Sjenr  de    lU'iiilvi.s 

*.\u\v,  iiiirili  in  ijurt  ol' tlic  tuwii  ul'  e'liauiphiiu,  .N.  V. 

tUoiiiaiiiikr  ut'  C'liiiui|iluiu. 

tin  t'-'wn  r.r  Cliazy.  N.  Y. 


ol"  L'lrids  "t\vc»  Icnmics  in  (Vitni  ;iiiil  iliivr  in  dcptli  on  J^iikr 
Cii;iii.'il;rni  loiictlicr  w  illi  the  pciiiiisiil;!  \\  liicli  is  tliiiinl  tn  lir 
in  liiinl  (il  >;ii(l  l.'inil.""*  In  lln'  siinic  niDUlli  iiiiullirr  a\  iis 
i>>m'(i  lo  Sicin' <li'  l;i  Pcricir,  "licjinnini;  ;it  tin-  monili  urtlic 
ri\  I  r  ( >n\nnnski  (Winooski)  iinr  'ci'jni'  iiliovc  Mtiil  one  Iiiilmic 
Ix'liiu,  nuikinu  twn  Icii^ucs  fron'  l:\-  tlircp  Ifii'.nH's  in  diplli, 
wiili  till'  ('\lrnl  III  -.lid  |-i\(  r  wliicli  will  Iir-  limnd  ciiiniin- 
licndrd  iliiicin,  (("jrllirr  with  I'li.'  i-l.-nids  ;uid  //c//'////v,s  .•uljii- 
ccnl."'  Al-ii  <inc,  Id  Slrni'  I  )on\  illc,  nil  llic  "^lll  ol  ( 'I'lnlicf, 
I7:i(i,  ll^r  l;nid-  (Ui  llir  cii.-i  sid,'  i>\'  llic  J;ik(',  'Mwn  IninilC'S 
tioiil  li\'  ilii'i'c  li'iiLMK's  d('('|)  :"!  .■Mid  ,;iHil  lirr  I'll  llic  |:il!i  nl 
.liiiic.  I":'./.  Ill  Siriir  li()!);n'l.  l\Iii".'>  Slorc-kcciicr  ;it  Mniilrcid. 
"Iliirc  li'.'iuni  s  I'lOlii  liv  tWii  II  .-iLIlirs  ill  drj)lll  oil  tin'  \V('.<; 
sill.'  (if  liiikr  ('h;iniiil;iili,  l;i!xiii;j  in  'ji'iiii^' dnu  ii  mir  Inrjur 
III  |(i\\  llir  lisi'i-  r>iiiii]ii(  I  ;miiI,  i:i  uiiiiii'J  up,  twu  .■iiid  ii  li;'ll 
;ilii)\r  >;iiil  v']\i  V."  Tlir  i--l;iiiil  inWnrili  Ifcrii  or  Is/n  Lov<j;iic 
\\\\<  L;i';niti'<l  in  ('iiiilrc:-i'iir,  (..';i|)!;iin  ni'  iMliiiilry.  ;ind  Al. 
ii;iiinli;nilt  rri'civrd  ;i  I.-hlii'  c'lHn'i'ssinn  iiirlh  :iiid  iiiijuiniiiL; 
l!ir  Liiiii-  'jriiiilcd  III  y\.  dr  l;i  I'mn'r. 

Till  ~r  Iji'iilits  \\{\-v  i.--ili'd  siilijcii  In  ti  irii 'il  i;i'i'  in  ri'sc  llir 
l.'inds  wci'i'  iii'l  .-I'Uii'd  iiiid  iiii[irii\rd  williiii  ;i  ci'iliiin  linn'. 
'.riii<  rniidilinn  mil  li;i\iii'j  liirii  rnllillcd,  ;dl  liiil  llir  Iwn  !;i>t, 
iiirntimird  wi'K'  n  -iiiiili  il  I'l  llic  l\inu'>  dniniiiii:-  liy  ;in  nrdi- 
niiiici'  iii  lln;  ( invci'iiur  iind  Inl'  iiikiiil  ul  (';in;id;i  nl  1 1  it'  iOili  ol 
M;iV,  nil.  'i'lii'  L..111I1  '■■>  V  iVi'  VlirinllS  l-(':i.-ii|is  wliy  ilirir 
|:ind>  li:id  iml  li'cii  .--rMii'ii  wiiliin  l!i"  lliiir.  I*r:in  rn'.ild  lind 
no  l;irnM;c>  lo  iiJ;i<'i'  ii|)iin  his  sciLiniorv,  Si.  Xlmi'iil  liiiil 
Imt  11  ;il)S('iil  on  llii'  KiiiL;".-  M'l-virc  ;iud  ('out I'ci'dur  liiid  olliT- 
(d\rr\  ;'d\;ini;i'jroii-  indMcrliii'Iit  s  io  -oH  |crs,  iiirliidiiiL;;  ;i 
lioiiiis  ol'  tiir.i'  liiindlrd  li\li's,  hiil  willioiil  .-iici.'css,  |,;i 
I'oiit.'iinc  iiMuiii-rd  to '^o  on  lo  li's  i^iMiii  ininu'iiiiilcly  with 
(liicc  incii,  111  luiild  iIh'I'i',  ;nid  \\;is  williipj;  lo  liirnisli  ui'nin 
;nid  iiioiii'V  III  ''iiiN'  \v!ii>  .-iioiild  (■oniniiiK'i'  ;i  si'tlli'inriil. 
Sii'iir  l'(ili;iil  liiid   >iir\('Vi  d  liis  luiuls    Jnnl  liiid   ncijK'clrd  iin 


'Ni'W  iiii'.ts  nl  .s»:uituii  :iinl  lli^hfrivti-'.  VI,. 
(■In  I'Wii  oi'  Gi'orj;iii,  \'l. 


1-;'^ 


incluccinouts  ior  young  men  Id  s;  tile  nj)oii  tliciii.  'I'li('^(" 
excuses  were  iiol  siilisraclory  lo  llir  Gdvcm-iiiucui  OlliciM's. 
Tlu'V,  lunvcvci',  tlcclan'J  ll;;:!  j)::lPiils  v.dult!  he  i\'-issuc'cl  to 
niiv  who  ■•^Iiould  phicc  sclllrrs  on  the  Imid  w  iliiln  one  yciir 
from  llinl  lime.  Tlii-;  was  nol  dour  ;  Inn.  ,-oon  uWrr  si'lih- 
nicnls  Wi'Yr  lii'-mej  near  llii'  iiiontli  of  iIk' -iliu  C'lmzy  river 
and  .'il  ^^'in(lmill  Point,'  wliieli  Wi'Vf  oeeu])ied  I'lr  a  sliort 
lime  end  then  abandoned. 

Th'  hnids  oriiiinallv  uranled  I.i  I'eau  were,  in  17-"i',*,  eoii- 
(■(^led  to  Sionr  Bedon,  Couni'i'or  in  the  Suj)erioi'  Conneil 
ol'  {^nehee.  and  liv  him  ;(tterwa)-d<  transtl-rrt'd  to  ,M.  do 
lieanjeu,  who  owned  a.  seiimiorx"  adjoininL;'  on  the  north.  Jn 
April,  .17  io  and  17!'>.  two  patents  (i!'ei)ucession  were  issued 
to  8i(.'ur  lloei]aarl,  Conneilor  ol'  Slate  and  l!iten(huit  of  the 
naval  l()i'e"s  al  lire.-t,  iiir  n  larije  trad  embi'aeed  In  the  pres- 
ent town-  (■!' I'anlon,  Achli-ou  and  Bridport,  \'t.,  Avhieh  lioe- 
<]nart  eon\(>ved  to  .Miehricl  Chartiei'  do  Ijothiniere  in  17(1^, 
and  niNoxcmhrr  17')^.  the  Manpiis  (h;  \  andi'euih  (lovernor 
(leneral  oi'Canada.  <j ranted  to  the  same  (h"  Lothiniere  tlie 
s(>i!^nioi'y  ol'  Aiaiuville  cmbi'ai'ingover  llair  leaune-  Ijont,  l)y 
li\e  leauues  depth  iiiid  Ivlnu'  partly  on  Lake  Cleorue  and 
parllv  on  liake  ( 'liamplain. 

The  aiiLireLiate  oi  these  eonei-ssions  embraced  over  eiiiht, 
hundred  sijuare  miles  oi"  territory.  Xo  permanent  settlements 
were  however  matle  under  anv  of  thi'  tyrants,  except  on 
parlsoJ"the  seiLiiiiories  or]hie(|uart  and  Alain\ille,  in  the  im- 
mediate vleiniiv  of  C'i'own  I'dini  and  "J'iconderoaa.  Alter 
the  con((nest  ol' ('anada  the  urantees  petitioned  iliraeon- 
lirmntion  of  tln'ir  titles,  but  t.his  the  Ih'itisli  (loM'rnment  re- 
fused, tit  1  lie  same  time,  lioweve)-,  declariiiL;'  that  the   claim- 


*Thi;  first  Imuses  I  siiw  after  Icavin;?  Fiirt  i^t.  Frtileric  wore  snmo  on  tlic  wpstcrn 
Kii.le  of  tlie  Iiilco,  iil'nut.  tin  J''rrnili  miles  l'ru:.i  St.  Jwlm?,  in  whii'h  tln'  I'rciK.'li  lived 
before  tlie  ln.«t  war  and  wliicli  tlioy  ttien  ul)iUHlnneit.     *■     *  A   W  iniliiiill,  Ijiiilt 

of  stone,  stands  on  tlio  cast  side  of  tlie  lalic,  on  a  projcetins  pieee  of  snmnd.  Sonio 
From-liuieu  lived  near  to  it.  Fioiii  this  mill  to  Fort  St.  Jolins  tlicy  recljon  eight 
l-'reiieli  niiles.  Tlie  l^nyli-li,  ^vitll  tlieir  liidiaur'.  Iiavo  Ijiirned  tlio  liou=H.t  lieru  sevoral 
times,  but  the  mill  remained  unhurt. — Kalm  m  IV^tt. 


■J> 


t 


iiiits    should   be  fiitillrd  to  so  much    of  lh(>    concessions  as 
slioiild  he  pntportioiiiilo  1o  ihc  iiii|)rov('niciils  iiiiidc  on  them, 

MAP0Fl'KE\CI[(ilUNTSO.N  l,.\KE  CIIAMPI.AIN. 


OM'7 


■J  IrJ  /  ^ 


HKtTiiEN-cKS.-A,  Piuiir  I'caii.— li,  Sioui-  St.  Vli.ront,  Jr.-C,  AF.  do  )ii  Oan- 
chetiprr.— D,  M.  Kol«rl.— »i,  M.  ConliTcmir.  Jr.— U,  La  ,Miinau(licio.— J,  i\I, 
(1«  la  Porl.iv.— K,  AS.  i!iiiinl..'iilt.— L,  M.  Kuiivilli'.— M,  .Al.  do  Bouuv.is,  .Ir.— 
N,   M.  Contiveoiu-.— E.  .Aliiiiivill.'.— I",  ll.iC.|U:irt.— I', Cr.mn  Vciiu.— (J,  Lower  Kiul 

of  LaliP  (lfnr;,'P. 

^;,,,,,:._-ll,c  llni^ravi  r  lias  (unitt'.'l  to  miu),  tlio  soutii  siilo  of  JUssiiOo  13ay,  which 
forms  the  north  loumls  of  do  licauvoi?  (inint.  marked  "M," 


;it  ll)C  riite  of  fitly  ■.\rvv>  lor  cNciy  tluiN^  ;icri'S  iiiipnivcd, 
])n)vi(lc(l  llio}''  took  out  iii-\v  uriints  (In-  1r,c  s;i!iii  iiiidcr  (he 
seal  ol'llic  I'l'oviiice'  of  X.'w  \i'i-k,  siiliirc:  fo  ilic  n<iial  (|uli- 
I'tMils.  No  mnv  ijriMii  lo  (Hic  jxTsoii  was  in  cvcrcil  iwcniv 
thousand  ruaTs,  nor  diil  ll:is  p.-iviK'sj;-  cxwaid  lo  luc  liraiils  of 
la  (iauclictii'rc  ;.i:d  o'lh'i's  aiiiuilicd  l)V  t!i.'  ni-diiiancc  ol'  llic 
lOliiof  May.  17!  I. 

'V\h'  claimaiil-;  I'clu.-cd  ti'o  siiialKa'  Liraiils  li'oia  tiic  I'rov- 
iuco  ol'.\'c\v  >  o!'k".  i'.iid  declined  tn  pav  tiic  ro(|uirr(!  (]iiii-rriil-. 
'i'lirv  li'll  liac'k  n[)n;i  llie  oriLiinal  t  ii  k' ol'  die  j^'rcncli  KiuL^ 
who,  diev  fi,nniid('(k  iii'.-t  discoviTi'd  die  ci  Mini  I'v  and  had 
hi'kl  niidisinrhod  possession  ol"  il  to  the  vear  17-")'^.  To  diis 
the  andnM-ities  of  New  \  ork  rt[)he;k  thai  the  eounlrv  snnih 
of  the  Si.  liawrenee  iii\ef  liek)nLied  liriLiinallv  In  l  he  T'ive 
Xalions.  h-oin  wkoin  it  pa>.--ed  lo  iiie'  Knulish  1»\-  virlue  of  a 
trealv  nia(k>  as  (ao'lv  as  \i>^-\.  That  the  irc-alvol'  I'lreelii 
recouni/.ed  the  sovereignly  nl  (ireat  Jh'iiain  over  ihe.-e  na- 
tions, and  thai  tlie  piisse?sion  ol'  ihe  i'"reiieh  a(  Crnwn  l'i)ini 
was  an  cncroaehineiit  on  ]-jrilisli  soil,  which  ciiuld  eonlii"  no 
title  to  tlie  Krencli  Kinu.  They  also  rclirred  to  an  ancient 
uriuit  (KiltCi)  to  (I(i(hi'ev  Dejlins  of  a  ke-'je  traci  aienu  the 
liead  of  the  kd\r.  (■xtendiaL;'  upwards  ei'  twenty  niik  >  jo  the 
north  el'  (h'own  IV)ait.  as  piimi  dial  liie  l'lii;^li-ii  had  elaiiued 
the  lake  to  he  uilhill  theii-  juri^(hcli()!|.  Um  die  slrullLjest 
]»o.-itioii  taken  against  tliese  claims  and  which,  con-^ideriii^ 
the  weakness  ol'  the  rreneji  title,  indaced  ihe  ilriti.-h  (lov- 
ciaiincnt  to  disallirin  ihcii.  w  a-;  tlio  tiiel  ihal  a  larL;e  poriioii 
oi'  the  lands  cuvcih  d  hv  the  |'"reaeh  L:l'anl^•  \\  ere  linn  held  hv 
oh  I  (liiicers  and  s'  ildici--  of  tiie  pro\aicial  arm  v.  M!id(  r  p-neins 
issued  niid(  r  the  -eal  nl'  the  I'mxinceel'  ,\i>\\    \'(prk.-- 

Ncw^cirk  was  the  e'intral  ji'iuii  oi  MiiLdi-li  inilir'nce  in 
America.  It  held  ihe  ki-\s  o!  Canada  and  (;l  ihe  i^'i-eat 
wi'Stern    lakes.      Within;;..-    limils  hniiied   the  Ceuacil     i-'ire 

(if   the   Si\     .NatieliS,'!"     the     nie^!     poWtaMnI     cn!,|i  (lelMev     e\('|- 

*F.n-  iiitiTcMiii;^  iloi-ument-  nliiliiig  {<•  iH''  I  r.'H^ii  (!i;u,t..   i"i  J,akc  (.'|i!iiii[.l;iiii  ><■(• 
iiiieuiiii  iiuiiv  lli.-ti.ry  of  .\<'W  'in;-K,\i-l.  I. 

i'l'lin  Tuscaror:!-'  inineJ  t!',"  O'li!  d'.rarv  in  171'.'. 


Oi» 


\' 


l(iriiic(l  ;iiin)iii:'  ilic  iiidiiiu-;  ;  wiiosc  swiiv   cAicndi'd   west  to 

llic  .Mi>si<si|){)i,  and  liryolld  ill;'  <)!li()  oil  ill!'  solllll.  But 
t'iiiiuii!i  sii'diiii  lii  |)iis;l  iii,i,  Nrw  Niirk  was  weak  iu  jinwi.T. 
lis  liislory,  li'Diu  lin'  dcalii  ol  ( iovmidi'  .Moiimoiiirrv  in 
i  7:;  I .  Id  il:ij  close  (il  Mr.  Cliiiioii's  adiiiiiii.-li'alioa  iii17o;>, 
!s  oiic  of  aliuosl  rontiiuiril  distriisi  and  coniciilioii  Ix'twccii 
llic  i'"i\iM-iii!\('  and  ilic  Assi'inl)ly.  In  lliis  war  ol'  j;ai'lv  the 
j»iil)]ic  l.!U>iiic.-s  ol'ilie  l';-ovi]iCC  was  nci^ii ■(•!.( •(!  and  di<'  .^ccw- 
i'ily  ol  l';(;  inlial»ii:nii.s  di.-i'i'jiardi'd.  ( K-casioiiallv,  liowrvei", 
ilii' ( lo\  I'l-iinicai  Would  ;  waki'  iVoni  i;s  liiharuA' and.  ii.r  a, 
iiioiiicui ,  rriiirn  lo  ili'.'  | icrlori 1 1: i :•,(■;•  iii'  iis  [i"_|iiiinatc  diili;'s. 
DuriU'i  oHi' ni  ili'.-r  jin-iods  oi'  i  juii'l,  ;i  i)!an  was  piTijrclcd 
lor  die  S.I  I  ii'iip-':!  of  liv  wi'(;i'!'a"ss  hi^iwrrn  Jial^r  Ciiam- 
plani  and  die  itiidsoii  liivrr,  io  .-crvc  as  a  <  iicck  njion  die, 
l-'iTiicii  jH'.-ii  lou-  on  Lake  (Ilia  n. 'I  (la  Ml.  'I'lu'  ( iovnrnoi'  i-ssnod 
a  |iiiiclauiai  ioi,  dc,-c;aiiinL'.  ai  iiiowiiiu-  laiiuiia'^e,  die  licatiiy 
and    Lriiiiiv   oi'i'ir  foanlrv,    and  olfiain'i  \\u-   most  lidical 

li  nn-  io  t'io^r   \\';lo    iniiilll    ^^■Ul('  tluTt.'. 

Si  dared  !>v  dii<  oi-oelaniai  ion,  ( 'a  j>i  aiii  ]iauL;hrni  Canipliell 
r.nne  Ifoai  Se:/i'and,  ■"  '*:)/.  io  examine  die  land,  and  was 
.-o  Weil  .-a! i -lied  wii  |i  i'  .  ai'aiK'e  thai  he  |-eliinied  lo  Isia, 

.Mild  liis  eslaie  aad  liio  ,,  '..er,  a!  la.- own  e\|)en>e,  laL^hty- 
three  |ii'on  slan!  iiiniilies,  eoii-istiii'^  oi"  |oiii-  Imndred  and 
I  wrniy-i  lii'ee  adails  and  iiianv  eiiildren.  'I'lu;  (lo\ei'nor 
i/i"  Xe\\  ^  o|-k  had  |ii'oiiii>ed  (."anipliell  a  i;ranl  oi"  -'JO.ddO 
aia'e-,  I'fi'r  ol'  all  (•har;_e,  (Aeepi  llioseol"  -iii'Vey  and  die 
n-nal  i |iiii-ren! -•.  ilul,  on  ins  arrival,  the  niereeiiarv  olTK'ers 
of  ( io\  (  I'linieni  refused  i<i  tiilfill  ihi>  enuaLieiiienl,  nnle>s 
die\  weic  allowed  a  .-hare  in  il;e  L;rnnl.  This  Cauiphell 
refn-ed  Io  L;ive  l!ii  111.  .\  di-|inle  an'i-inu' between  him  and 
the  ( loNeriiment,  on  this  a(.-eoun1,  in  wliieh  I  he  .\.-.-eml)iy 
joined  widi  the  1  iiii'jianls,  the  nenotialion-  vvic  hrokeii  oil. 
'I'lie  emiLiraiils  were  .-avetl  from  starvation  liy  eiiiisliuu-  in  an 
e\|)edilioii  to  ("aitiiaLiena,  while  ('aiiipiiell,  hrokeii  down  in 
spirits  and  lorlnne,  soui;lit  a  lionie  elsewhere. 

The   C'oloni^is   loiitr  li;id   c'au.>e   to    tcoret  tiic   foUv   ot 


;)!> 


the  (low'TnincuL  in  not  sccuriiii;,  ;!t  this  time,  llu^  scillc- 
mein  of  their  iHirthi'i'ii  ironiici'.  'The  prolotiiiit  Hiuiilaiul- 
(M"S,  bi'Diighl  (IN  cr  l>v  I '.iiiq)!!!'!!,  weic  ;i  race  of  liiiicly  ami 
iiKhislrioiis  |)e()j)le,  iiiihicd  hv  iiatiirr  and  hal)i(  willi  ui'eat 
power  III  (MKhiraiu'i'.  Thcv  wniilil  have  liinricd  a  hiil- 
wark  airaiu>l  the  Freneh,  who,  ior  twenty  years  al'ler- 
wards,  retained  ahsolnlc  conirol  of  ihc  lake  and  sent  ont, 
from  theii'  sironiihold  at  ("rown  Point,  hands  of  marauder:; 
to  pliuider  and  devast  the  th)ntier  settli  im  iits. 


4 


CIIAP'J'KR  IV. 

!^ir  William  JoIiumihV  IC.xpviiitic.ii  'iiniiin^t  ("lowii  I'dint — Battle  nl"  I.aku  Gt'orf^c — 
Tlio  I-'i-ciich  fortify  'i'ii'ijiiili'ioj;a— -MdiUiMlni  attacUs  the  Kiif^lisli  at  Lake  (Imri^o 
— Massacre  at  i'»n  William  Henry — Defeat  i)t' Aberenniiljie  at  TicoDileroga — Kng- 
llsli  .Scouting  I'aitie- — Piilnum  in  tmuljlo. 

.Ndtwitlistiiiidiiiii;  llic  icjjciitcil  il(|)r('(l;ilii)ns  of  the  Ficucli 
upmi  llii'  iiiirlln  rii  and  \\'<'st('i'ii  'Vonticr.  no  atl('ni[)I  was 
iiiadi'  III  wrakcii  tlicii- |t(i\\('niiilil  J7'>-j.  Ontln'  l-Jth  of  A{)ril 
(if  thai  vtar,  tlic  (IdViTMiir.-.  -if  iln-  diHiTriit  Pniviiii'cs  lucl 
ill  (•(inlrrciH'i'  in  \  iruinia,  and  dricrniincd  upnii  llir  jilan  t\[' 
a  laiupaiiin,  !iv  \\liicii  In  r("|i(l  llic  cncrdachnirnts  nf  tlic 
French  fi-oiii  \\\v  i>\i\<>  lo  if'  (iulfnt'  the  St.  Lawrcnct'. 
'I'his  carniiaiLMi  (■(inl('ni[>lai('d  ihii.c  si  parali'  (  xpcditinns;  (Uic 
uiith'i"  Sir  Wilhani  Jdlinsmi  against  CriAvii  Pdinl,*  aimlhi'r 
niidrr  ( iiA  (iiiiu'  Shiilcv,  lit' Ma.-sa('hus(>Ms,  aijainst  Nini^ara, 
wlulr  Majiir  (Iriicral  lifaddnck,  the  t '(iinnian(h'r-i[i-("hicf, 
wilh  a  thii'd,  was  tn  iiin\i'  n|)iiii  thr  Frnirli  Furt.  on  tht' 
Oh  ill. 

Thr  ('\])i'diliiiu  aganisl  Cfown  I'uint  was  to  ho  composed 
(if  piovincial  ir(i(i|»s  and  Indians.  Fml  the  six  .Nations  thd 
not  enter  into  the  scheme  witli  their  usual  spirit  and  alacrity. 
Tliev  were  dissatislied  at  tlie  lonu  conlinucd  inaction  of  the 
Knl;li^h,  which  conlra.-ted  nntiivoiahlv  wilh  the  aclivilv  and 
vigilance  of  the  I'rench.  iXor  had  the  Indian>  hecn  hack- 
ward  to  express  their  disapprohatioii.  "^(lu  are  desirous 
that  we  should  (i[)en  our  minds  and  our  hearts  to  yon,"  said 
the  celehratcd    Mohawk  Sachem   lleiidrick,  atone  of  tlieir 


*Sir  William  ,)iiliiis(in's  Commission  liears  date  the  Idili  "f  Aiuil,  IT,'i,'>,  anil  recites 
that  the  troojis  are  plaeod  iinjer  liis  comuiand  "tn  lie  emiiloycil  in  am  attem|it  to  erect 
a  ^trong  I''ortre«s  iiiioii  an  eniineni'c  near  the  I'reiieh  I'ort  at  t'rowu  Point,  ami  for 
removing  the  eiieronobments  oftho  French  on  His  .Majii^ty'j  lan(i  ilien." 


58 

Cmmcil.^.  "Lonk  ;il  llic  Fnncli  :  tliov  are  mm,  they  arc 
li'rtilyiiisi  cvfrywlicrc  ;  l)iH  we  aic  a.^li;uiH(l  in  sav  it,  you  arc 
likv'  woiiicii.     Ydi;  ai'c  l>arr  am!  (ij)cii  w 'iilidui  l'>iiilicatioii5;."1' 

'This  clitlcrciici'  ill  ilii'  iwo  (■(iinilru'S  was  caused  by  iIk; 
liclcrciiviK'al  cliai'actcr  and  i^niiiis  cf  die  iiihaliilaiils.  The 
Elislisli  I  'il(Mii-l>  Were  hold.  iii|e||ii^(  111  mid  selt-depciidcnl. 
Tlicv  Hi  'rslood  and  elierislied  die  )>riii(i|)les  oi  8elt-;_>iiveiii- 
iiieiif.  J.  aloiis  of  li't'cdoni,  iliey  watclicd  tlicir  rulers  widi 
caulc  eyes,  rctiiscd  to  vole  siij)j)lies  unless  llicy  knew  ilic 
iiionej' woukl  he  appropriated  titr  llie  public  irood,  and  op- 
])oscd  the  ere(-tion  of  tl)ris  on  the  Ironticr,  lest  their  iruns 
nii'jht  he  used  to  overavw;  the  people.  On  the  other  hand, 
{•'ranee  ke|)t  her  ('oloiiies  in  a  .-late  dl'  dependence  upon  the. 
Modier  C'iMiiiirv.  I'iie  Canailiiins  were  allowed  neitli(  r 
iieeddiii  of  liieii'jiit  iioj-  aelioii.  \)\  this  means  th<'  latter 
heeauie,  as  suhieels,  more  I'ailhiiil  lull  le-s  indepi'iideiil  than 
theii'  neidfhoi.-.  I''raiiee  directed  iini-;  to  hi'  huih  in  the 
wilderness,  and  her  erders  were  ohcyed.  i'lnuland  also 
re(]iiiretl  liirts,  hut.  iii>t(  ad  of  huildinu  them,  the  Colonists 
i|uestione(l  their  iieeessit\'.  ohjeeted  to  the  e\p(ai>e  anil  iicl^- 
lee'.ed  to  pro\id''  iiieaii^  tor  their  erection. 

'J'lie  W(ird>  iif  tlie  Mojiawls  Saehei,!  were  true.  \\'h(  n 
the  Governors  met  at  A  Icxandi  la.  i'lniiland  had  no  works  ol 
deti'll-e  upon  her  Irulilier,  whih'  die  l'"rene|;  uere  tortifled  at 
(111  (^iie-ne.  iNiaLiaia,  Crown  I'oiiit  and  lleaii-Scjour.  \\\i\ 
iiotwith-laiidiiiij  their  axowcd  reliieiaiiee,  the  Six  Nations  at 
length  renewed  their  cdvehant  of  friend-hip,  and  promised 
to  sapperl  ilie  Coloiiie-  in  the  approaehiiiL;'  >tiaL!L:lc. 

A  t'on.-iderahle  aiuduiit  ol"  land  carriage  had,  in  tiiriiK'r 
times,  td  he  eiicounlercd  in  [)a.->iiii;  ti-oni  the  llud.-on  l{iv<'i 
to  liake  Champlaiii.  'IMic  portai^c  commenced  at  the  1  [iidsou, 
near  the  pre-ent  vilhiL'e  el"  Fort  Kdward.  from  wheiii/e  two 
routes  diverged  ;  dne  leadinii  hv  the  wav  df  |''ort  Aiuitothe 
uioulh  of  Wood  Creek,  a  distance  of  t wenty-linir  miles  ; 
the  other  passing  hy  the  way  of  Oleivs  Falls  to  the  licnd  of 


"Doinimt'ntnry  History  of  Now  Vorlf,  Vol.  2. 


f 


69 

Luke  (li'orize,  !t  distance  oi"  l()iutoeii  inih'.s.  From  llie  first 
i\)iiti>  !),  lliiid  diverged  iKTir  FdiI  Ann,  wliicli  led  Id  ilic 
wiitcrsol'  liiiki-  ('li;iiiii)l;iiri  ;il  llir  lic;id  of  Smitli  Dnv.  J»v 
tlic  Hid  (il  l)i»als  oil  Wood  ('reck  flic  jiortaiic  on  thf  litsi.  route 
was  iisiiallv  rrdufi'd  to  Iroiii  si\to  ten  miles.  This  poilauc 
was  called  "The  (ircat  (,'aiiyiii,Li  i'lacc,"  and  was  scicclcd  as 
the  ])oiiit  of  rendezvous  {or  (Jcneral  Johnson's  Army,  iiom 
whence  il  waslo  move  to  Lake  Cliamplaiii. 

Kailv  in  .filly  M:iji>i-  (leneral  Pliinchas  liVnian  arrived 
al  llic  porl.iuc  willi  about  >i\  hundred  New  I'liiLdnnd  iroo])-^ 
and  conniK.'nced  the  creel  ion  ol  a  io  1,  ^\•llich  was  aticrwai'tis 
called  l'"ort  i'idward,  in  hoiu  ;■  of  Mdward,  Duke  of  York, 
llie  LMaiid-.-oii  ol' the  I'aiulish  Sovi'rciL:ii.  .Johnson  reached 
the  ('ani|)  on  the  I  Itli  day  of  Aiii>usi,  and  round  the  army 
increased  to  two  I  hoii.-and  I  I'^li!  huiidi<(l  anil  fiity  men,  lit 
liir  dulv.  New  recriiil-  conlinued  lo  arri\e  so  thai  the  (len- 
eral tiiiinil  hiinscif,  liv  ill.'  end  ol  Auun.-I.,  al  ihc  head  of 
lliirlv-oiic  liuiulrcii  I'l'oN  ineials  and  two  hnndrcdaiid  liiiv 
liuhaii^,*  liv  ihc  -Ul  of  Sc])leml)er  the  main  armv  had 
reached  the  head  of  Lake  (Icorije,  wliilc  a  L'real  nnmher  ol 
leaiii>leis  were  cii:.;a'^ed  in  draLiLiini;' six  hundred  Ijoats  over 
the  poilauc  111  l)c  u-cil  till'  llie  ti'ansporlatioiiol'  troops  across 
dial  ]al<e.  Here  .loliu-on  halted  liir  the  hoats  1u  come  up. 
and  lo  uiiiiouijif  the  pfiii  ol  his  future  opi'ralioiis.  *'l  |iro- 
pose,"  said  he,  'Mo  lio  down  llii^  lake  willi  a  pari  of  the  itrmy, 
and  take  po-t  .il  the  cud  ol  it.  ;il  a  pas-  called  Tioiidcroiiue, 
there  w.iit  the  eoiiiluLr  iijt  ol  the  rest  of  the  armv  ;iiid  then 
i.iiack  t'idwn  l*oiir.."t  While  the  Kiiulisli  commander  was 
thus  plaiiiiiiiL:  his  au\ance  upon  Fort  Si.  Frederic,  ihc  '''rench 
(ieiieial  had  li'll  ihiit  p.i.-l  and  was  liaslcniiiu  towards  South 
J'.a\. 

When  (ieiieral  Lvniaii  stopped  on  ihe  hanks  ol  the  IJiid- 
soii  to  awriil  til!'  arrival  ol  the  mam  armv,  the  whole 
avail.ihle  French  force  on  Lake    C'ham[)hiiii  did    not  exceed 


*.l.jhll^nil  til    I,t.   {|..V.    Di'   l.illlOl'V. 

+.Jylinsou  to  tliu  tiijai'il  of  Trmlo 


00 

eiulit  huiulred  inrn,  cxrliisivf  of  Indians.  Kaily  in  llit'sitin- 
intT,  li()\vi,'VtM\  the  lianm  Dir>kan,  a  hi-avc  (i!il  oIThm  r,  wIki 
had  dislinuuislu'd  liiniM'li'  umliT  \\\r  cch  liraird  Marslial 
Sa\(\  arrived  at  (iu('l)t'c,  aci'oinjianiid  li\'  >fvt  ral  veteran 
reuiinents  iVnni  l''i'anee.  Tlioe  trnops  were  iiiiniediatelv 
(irder<'d  to  lake  ( )ntaiio.  l)iil  l)i(^skau,  lieariiiLi  liiat  the  Knulisli 
were  in  iiiDtioii  towai'ds  Lake  ( lenfne.  ehanijcd  lii>  idiiti-  and 
|)a-;<ed  rapidiv  iMpward  towards  Cidwn  I'dint,  wlirn'  lie 
afrived  al)(int  tlie  I  st  et"  AuLiiisl.  I'"(ir  the  deli'iiee  of  this 
t()itress  sexcn  Imndicd  reuulais,  sixteen  hundred  Canachans 
and  seven  hiin(h"e(l  Sava'ji's  were  now  as-emlilcd.* 

Dioskau  le!'l  a  sfroiii!:  ,L;arri-i>n  a;  Kert  St.  Kfederic,  en- 
c-aniped  a  portion  ol'  his  ai'inv  at  Tieondefoua,  and  with  >i\ 
hiiiuh'i'd  savages,  as  nianv  C'anaihans  ami  two  linndnd  rey- 
iilar  troojis.  aseended  the  lake  to  th(>  head  of  Sontli  Hay, 
and  alter  ii)nr  davs  march,  arrived  within  Hmr  miles  ol'  Korl; 
Edward,  on  the  Fiake  (leori^v  road.  'The  Indians  now 
rrfused  to  [)roeecd  I'arlhcr  in  the  direction  of  the  Kirl,  hnt 
were  williii'j'  to  oo  a^ain.-rt  the  opm  camp  of  the  Kniilish  at 
Lake  (ieoi'fje.  'I'he  heal  ofthr  column  was  thf'rel()re  turned 
towards  the  lake. 

A-^  soon  as  tlie  Kniilisli  Commamlir  Icariird  that  the 
Frei]ch  had  Icit  South  l>av.  he  determine d.  with  the  a(hice 
ofa  Council  of  War,  to  send  a  stroiiu  party  to  ieint()r<'e  Fort 
Fidward.  then  euardod  bv  two  hundred  and  liliv  .\ew 
ITam'  shin-  troops  and  live  companies  of  the  New  \'ork  reg- 
iiiK  iit.t  TIjis  reintor(.'einent  consi>t<'d  o|  our  thousand  Pro- 
vincial troops,  under  eominand  ol'  Colonel  Kphraim  W'll- 
haius  of  Ma<sachusetts.  the  liiuuder  of  \\'illiam>'  CoIIcl;!', 
and  two  hundred  Jndiaii  warriors  led  hv  Ih'ndrick,  the  Mo- 
hawk Sachem,  'i^hm^  Mnrt(^d  from  tin'  camp  ahout  niiir' 
o'clock  on  the  mornim^' of  the  '^th  of  Soptemher.  expecting 
to  lind  the  French  at  oi-  near  Fort  Kdward.  When  Dies- 
kau  k'ariied,    from  his  scouts,  the    ajiproach   of    Williams' 


»Banorol't,'s  lli~tor>-  uf  L'.S.  Vol..!. 

JJoliBSOn  to  the  (irpvernnr?  of  the  Pfvi-nii  Coldiiips. 


iini- 
\\  lio 

•r;iii 

llrlv 

iisii 

;ni(l 
lie 
this 
i.uis 


01 

j)arly,  he  fxlciidcil  hi:;  line  (Hi  Ix.ih  .■■iilr-  ul'  ihi-  ni;i(i  in  tlic 
liu'lii  nl"  ;i  h;iir  iMOdii.  ;iiiil  in  ihis  ur;ii  i-  coiiliiiind  >|ii\\iv  niid 
ciiiilioiislv  Id  ;i(iv;ini'c.  ( 'nldin'l  \\  iihii'n-.  in  llir  imciin  liiiu  . 
]in-hi'(|  liirwiird  with  r;i>h  cnnliili':!''!  ,  imd  h:id  oi'dccfdi'd 
;d)iiiil  |i)iir  iiiilc-  I'l-iiiii  th''  \\Ur,  \\\\f\\  he  >~iiddcnlv  liiiiiiil 
hiiii^i'h"  ill  the  \ry\  rr,\Wr  i,,'  ihf  i:;dl'  (  ird:'.  At  lh;il  iihi- 
iiiciil  the  l''r(iich  ii(ii'iii'd  ;i  liicDl'  nmskri  ia"  in  i'lonl  niid  uu 
liiith  Ibnik-.  'i'hiis  ailnckiii  on  ;/ll  sides  hv  ;iii  iiii-'cn  ciu- 
liiv  ihi'  I'rnx  ii:ci;ils  otlii-cd  iiiit  ;;  .-h'ihl  i'rsi<l;iiicr.  |''(ir  ;t. 
sliort  lime  the  shiniililiT  nl'  the  l'",iiL;h>h  \v;i--  (hi-.idl'nh  W'il- 
li;ini.~  (I'll  (lend  ;il  ihf  hi':id  n'l'  \u<  i-c^iinciil,  :uid  the  hi';i\(' 
;ind  liiithliil  JfciKh'irk  wj-  nioilidlv  Wdiindcd;  Iml  the  trddp.s 
\\i'n^  \\  ilhdi;i\\ii  witli  Liii'iit  .-kiil  ;ind  codhic.-s  hv  l.iiMilciiinit 
(.\>\.  W'liiliii'V,  who  siircci'ddd  td  thi'  cdnitnaiul  nii  the  dciith 
df  \\'illi;niis. 

.lohnsnii  Lnv  :it  Lake  (IcdrLir  wiihuiil  iiilrcDchniciit  or  dc- 
ii'lisc  of  ;ni\'  kiii(L  Aioilscd  hv  thr  iidisr  di'  liic  liiiii::,  hi' 
sent  IjicMtiiiaut  Cdldncl  ("dirwiih  a  ri'iiiti)rc('iu(iit.  nl' two 
huiiih'cd  incn  td  the  aid  ot' Wilhains,  and  liastciicd  to  ti»iin  a 
sort  df  i)ic;isl\Vdrk  with  l;dl(ii  tires,  (hawing  up  a  li'W  nieces 
drcMniidU  w  hieh  had  iieeii  leli  live  iiiiiuh'ed  yards  distant  frdni 
the  trdiit.*  At  ten  dcldck  the  defeated  troops  I iPirai)  td  ar- 
rive at  the  camp  in  karui'  hudies.  and,  at  haH-past  ek'V(,'ii,  th(> 
l'"rench  ajipeared  ui  .-iL^ht,  iiiarchiiiL;  in  rcLinkai'  order  ;io;iiiist, 
the  ceiil  re  ol'  the  hreastwork. 

It  had  heen  Die-kaii's  purpose  to  rush  liirw  a/d  and  to 
I  liter  die  c;tinp  with  the  liiLiili'.es  ;  Inn  the  1  roi]ii( US  (Caijoh- 
nawaiias)  took  pessessinii  dl  a  ri-iiiL;  Lii'duiid  and  stood  InaL'- 
tive.  \1  this  the  Aiieiiakis  hahed  ;d-o  ;  and  the  Canadians 
liecaine  intiniidateikt  A  lew  shots  Irdin  llie  arlillerv  drove 
llieiii  all  to  the  >hell(  r  ol'  the  iieiuhliorinu  swamps,  and  left 
the  l''rench  C'dniniaiider  and  hi^  haiidhil  dt'  \  eieran  tiodps 
nnsiippdrted.  A--  the  reiinlars  adxaiieed  auain.-t  the  centre 
they  siiddeiilv  hailed  ahdiit  one  hundred  nnd  lil'ty  yards 
i'rom  the    In-east woik.  and   llieii   asiain   advancul.    tirinii;  hv 

*Ucvii'W  1.1' .Military  n|ioriiliuu,-  in  .Nniili  Aiiicricii. 
tBancroft'.s  m.-toiy  of  llio  I  .  S.,  \\,1.  1. 


phitonii.^.  Kitidiim  it  iiii])()S8il>li'  to  break  tlir  cciitri',  Dics- 
kiiii  moved  lo  ihe  rin;lit  niid  ;itl;iekeil  Willi.iius,  ltim,irk'.s  iiiid 
'I'ileoiuh's  reuiuieiits,  w  1h  re  ;i  wiiriii  lire  \v;is  kepi  il|»  liir 
iifurly  Mil  li<»ur. 

Aboul  tiiiir  o'eloek  ill  llif  ,'iliei  iiodii  ill"  l'',iiL,di>Ii  sii(kleiilv 
leaped  over  llie  .<lii;lit  lin'a>t>voiu  and  eharued  ii[)Oii  tlu^ 
iissailaiiH,  wlio  [ireeipitalelv  relrealed,  leaxiii;:!;  aliuosl  all  llie 
regular  lro()|'s  dead  oii  tlu'  field.  'I'lie  (."aiiadiaiis  and 
Indians  refin-d,  in  small  parlies,  to  the  ^.eelle  ol'  Williams' 
deli'al  in  the  iiiorniiiLS where  they  were  surprised  and  detl^'ated 
l)V  ;t  ])ariv  of  one  linndred  anil  iwciitv  New  Jlanipshire  and 
niuely  New  York  Irooiis,  who.  under  eoiiiiiiand  of  (';ij)lain 
Mi"(iiniK's,  had  been  s''iil  li'oiii  l'"ort  Kdward  to  reiiiliiree  the 
army  at  Lake  Cleort^c.  'The  lo.-s  of  the  .MiiLih-li  this  day 
was  about  two  hundred  ami  sixti  ui  killed  and  ninety-six 
wounded;  ol'  the  Frcneli  the  loss  was  iiiiieh  L;reater.-  Dies- 
kau  was  tbiind,  alier  the  retreat,  leaning;  auaiii>f  tin'  ,-liiui|) 
ot"  a  tree,  thrice  wounded  and  helpless.  Karly  in  the  action 
deiieral  .iolmsoii  received  a  [)ainliil  wound  in  the  lluuli  and 
retired  to  his  tent  ;  the  command  then  dt\i)|\ed  on  (Iciieral 
Lymaii,  who  aetual'v  lijiiLihl  tin'  battle  and  wa-;  enlitli:d  to 
all  iheglorv  of  the  (ia\  .  \  <■!  .lohii-on.  bv  ilii.-  vietorv,  bi  came 
a  Jiaronet,  and  received  a  iiratuily  of  live  thoii.-and  pounds, 
while  Ijymau  is  not  mentioned  in  theOllieial  IWilletin. 

A  rapid  movement  upon  ("rown  Point  wmild  have  foreed 
lh(>  French  to  evacuate  that  post  ;  but  .Johnson  kiiew  not 
how  to  prolil  iiv  >ueces>.  ln>tead  of  liillowiiiL;  up  his 
victory  liv  a  ciuiek  and  well  directed  blow,  he  wasted  the 
rest  of  the  season  in  buildiiiJi  Fort  William  Henry  ;  a  n.-ckss 
pile  of  woodi'ii  barracks,  .-urrounded  bv  an  embankment 
and  ditch,  which  .-iood  oii  an  ilevated  >poi  about  three  hiiu- 
di'ed  vards  from  the  t('iii[)orarv  breastwork  attacked  bv 
Dieskan. 

While  the  armv  romaiiied  at  the  head  of  Lake  (icori!!',  in 


•■.Inhiisou  ill  lii-1  iill'icial  rcpuil  of  Ihi-  LaUli'  c^tiiiiiitc-'  tlic  Inss   of  tlio    I'rcncli   lit 
fruin  livu  tu  iix  hundred.     ^Vui'bui'ton  suitor  it  as  a  "littlu  eliort  uf  tight  imndrcd." 


illlll 
1)  liir 


> 


liniid  iiiiictioii,  (',i|i1iiin  Jfolicit  IJuducrs  iiiul  Captain  Israel 
I'liliiaiit,  two  (laiiii'j  and  ac  live  ullici  is  Ijclongiiig  to  llic  :\(;\v 
KnLdand  tnitips,  made  icpcaicd  dcnionstralions  auainsi  tlic 
Kiiiicli,  I'Ut  oil' many  of  dicir  \\0rkin14  pail.ii.s  ;nid  ohiaincd 
coiricl  inliiiiiiatidu  dl' all  dirir  laorccdinus.  Ipon  (/uc  of 
llicsf  ocrasions  Kod^crs  and  his  iinn  spent  the  niiiht  in  the 
trcncli  iniderFort  Si  h't-ederic.  and  al  annthertiinc,  siiipii^ed 
a  Kieneliinan  within  ynn-shni  i>\'  its  walls.* 

The  season  <»r  l7o(»  passed  wiilioiit  any  military  move- 
ment oi  iiii|)ortanee  heinir  made,  liy  either  pail>-,  in  the 
vieinilv  ol'  Lake  Champlaiii.  The  Kimlish  eonpleted  the 
defeiiees  ol'  T'oil  William  lleiiiy.  and,  al  onetime,  comtem- 
plated  liiiildiiiL' a  liirl  at  llie  head  of  Sonlh  ilay;  hut  this 
la-l  \\oih  \ui-;  ;ii  lii.-i  deliiyed  and  nilimalely  abandoned. 
On  the  other  side  die  l'"reneh  were  Im.-ilv  eiiuaued  in  liirtiiV- 
iniitlie  peiiinsnla  of  Tiedi'deioua.  After  the  deli'al  oI'Dies- 
kaii  the  r:iiiiiaiit  of  his  army  sonulit  .-heller  ihere,  where 
tliev  eslal)lishf'<l  a  I'amp  and  eommeiieed  IniildiiiL'  u  lint, 
alierwaid-  ealled  Kori  Carillon.  Diiriii'j  the  .-east )n of  I  "t  'At 
o\  er  1\\  o  ilRin>aiid  I'remjli  were  eon.-tanllv  iiiLrayed  Uf.on 
the  woik.  The  lake  now  [)resenled  u  most  lively  appear- 
ance. Canoes,  lialeau,  and  schooners  were  coiistaiidy  })a.-s- 
iiin  and  repassinij  between  Canada,  Crown  I'oint  and  Tleon- 
deroua,  ti'ansporliii!:'  li'oop.-  li-om  jioint  lo  point,  or  loaded 
Willi  -npplie-  and  ammnnilioii. 

Small  ^contillL;  partie-  would  occasiontiilv  leave  Fort 
William  lleiny  and  peiietrale  as  lar  as  the  J-'icnch  work.-,  to 
ijather  inliirmation  and  lieaL  up  the  outpo.-i<.  I'poii  oim^ 
occa-ion  Capi.  Roheil  ii'odijcrs  was  -enl.  on  a  scont  with  a 
partv  ol'  lili\  men  and  Unc  whale  boat.-.  liodLn  ;-  drew  !iis 
lioats  ovi'i'  the  nioiaiiain  into  Lake  Chain|)lain  and,  pas.-.'xj: 
TieonderoLja  in  the  iii^hl,  on  the  morninL;'  ol  the  7lh  ol  .luly, 
secrelcd  his  |)arty  on  the  ea>L  side  the  lake,  about  twenty- 
live  miles  north  ot'Ctown  Point.  While  Iviiii^  here,  Ifoducrs 
coiinled  thill V  boats  passing  towards  Canada,  and,  aboiit 
'Journal  nf  the  Now  Hampshire  Scouts. 


(il 

fliioc.  m'cIocU  ill  tlic  lllll^llillL^  iliMiixt  icd  a  scIkioikt  of  (liir- 
ty-livf  i>r  |()iiy  idiis  ai  ancliur  a  .-li(.iri  distance  Ih'Iow. 
\>  lit'  was  |)t(|iariiiL.'  Id  attack  lliis  vc--il,  two  liniilcrs  witli 
lwcl\c  men  oil  linaid  a  j»|inM"<lic(l  llii'  -lioic,  inln  wliicli  liis 
•]iaiiy  liri'd.  l\i!rniu  llut  !■  of  ilic  i-'miciaiicii  and  NvniiiuliiiL!: 
two  ollicrs.  Tlic  liLililrrs  wirc  laivcii  and  il)Uiid  J(»adcd  with 
wheal.  IliPiir,  lice,  hraiidy  and  wine.  Desti'ovin<>  all  hut  the 
two  last.  lioiiLiirs  hastened  hack,  hi-  men  rowiiiir  none  the 
less  slonllv,  when  die  jiiisiiiiers  iiiliiiiiKHl  lli<  in  that  a  [larlv 
ot  live  hundred  men  were  onlv  two  kauiies  Ik  low,  on  their 
way  to  Crown  INpinl.* 

The  eam|iai!jn  oi  \~i'i7  o[)ened  earlv  and  l)ii>klv  on  the 
northei-n  rroniid-.  While  ihe-troii;^  ice  vet  eoNcrcd  the  snr- 
laee  of  the  lake  and  the  snow  la\  in  heavy  drills  alont^  its 
sliorr>,  el.'\  en  hnixlred  l''ren<'li  and  linn'  hnndred  Canada, 
Indians,  nnder  \aiidienil  and  the  Che\alicr  Fionunenil, 
marched  li'om  Ticonderoua  to  sarprise  die  Lrarrison  ol  ['"ort 
\\'iUiani  Henry,  i  )nrin2  jhe  ni^ilit  of  the  Klthol  .March  the 
j)artv  lay  ii|)on  lln'  snow  hehind  Loiil!  I'oint,  and,  earlv  die 
next  inoniina,  a])p<';ared  .-iiddenlv  liel()i-e  the  lint,  e\pecliiii,' 
to  cariA'  it  1)\-  surprise  ;  Imi  Staik — the  >ame  u1h>.  twenty 
years  later,  was  ready  lo  make  his  .Moll\'  a  widow  llir  die 
cause  ol'lilieilv — was  there  with  liis  raiiL'crs,  and  the  assail- 
ants wcri!  liirced  hack,  nut.  liowcvii-  iinlil  ihey  had  liurned 
.several  sloops,  a  \nviiv  nnniher  of  lialean,  and  .some  store 
houses  which  stood  hevond   n-ach  of  ilio  guns  of  the  tiirl. 

Soon  alier  the  relurn  of  the  French,  Colonel  I'arker  was 
sent  from  Fort  William  lleiirv,  widi  a  command  of  limr 
liundnHl  men.  to  attempt  the  works  at  'I'iconderoua.  'I'he 
detaclunent  crossed  the  lake  in  whak-  boats  and  bateau,  but, 
beliire  reaching!-  Ticoiidcroaa,weii>  decoyetl  in  an  ambus- 
cade, and  the  whole  j)arlv,  with  the  exception  oi"  two  olli- 
cers  and  seventv  men,  either  killed  or  taken  prisoners. 

'I'he  French  still  urmd  llirward  ihc  deteiices  of  Fort  C'ar- 


*Roclgers'  Journal  in  tth  Vol.  i>ocumentury  History  of  N.  Y. 


illoti.  MonlCiiliii,  l)iii\(',  t^jijinrioui^  .mhI  iufivc,  wns  nt 
INIoiitrCi'il  prcpnriri!,'  li>  iiMiy  oiil  liis  liivnriic  |irtiicci.  of  n;- 
(liifing  Kdcl  \\'illi;im  llrnrv.  ri\i  rythiiiji;  lavnicil  ilic  ciitcr- 
]»rist'.  'I'lic  liidiniis,  iiicliidiii!;  niiiiiy  .-i'Tii  w.iniors  nf  iIk' 
Six  i\;iti()iis,  tr.'illicrcil  in  clouds  iiroiiiid  lln  liiilc  lljii  dl'  m. 
.Idlilis  1111  llic  liirlii'li(  II,  ,i;id  tlici':'  rhiiircd  liicir  War  (liiliccs 
hfiiralli  llic  \viiiic  haulier  (iT  l''raiiic.  Six  dav-;  ;di(M'\vardd 
diey  landed,  Imni  iwn  liiiiidi''d  caiiius,  ii|)i)n  die  nirlv-houiKl 
i-liurcs  ot"  'ricuiidiTiiua,  vvlii'if  di^y  were  iiui  liv  Marin,  I'l'- 
liirniiiL;  iVniu  a  liiiay  near  !''iirl  Kdward  ;  his  raimes  decora- 
ted widi  the  Itleeiiinn' scal[»>  of  l(irl_\»-i\\o  lOiiuli-hni'ii.  Six 
llioiisaiul  Kreiicli  and  Canadians,  and  .-cvenhiii  hun(h'<'(l 
Indians  were  iniw  collected  at  'ricoiidcroLja,  arnied  to  tlio 
tfClli,  and  anxions  to  lie  je  I  against  tlic  riiciiiy.  Monlcahu 
needed  no  i)er>iiasioii.  Oa  ihe  la>l  da\  ot'  .lulv  M.  de  [jt\\ 
was  s<'n1  jliruard  liv  land,  under  unidanco  of  die  Indians, 
\\  itii  1  Weill  v-ii\  e  liniulred  men,  and  Monicalm  liillowed  tin; 
next  da\,  with  ili''  main  hody  oi  llie  armv,  in  iwo  hnndred 
and    tiil  V  iioal  ■. 

(icn.  Weill),  a  nia:i  of  \\t'ak,  irrc,->oliitt'  and  timid  cliarac- 
tcr,  \va<  ill  command  of  the  rrovincial  ti'uops,  and  I'ad  livo 
llioii-and  men  with  Inm  at  l-'ort  I'ldward,  while  a  'tntlv  i>\ 
onetaoii-and  men  narriMDied  I'ort  William  lleiirv.  It  sti 
lia|)|(ened  that  \\  ehh  >;arted  fir  Lake  ( ieoriie,  widi  an  escort 
ot"  two  hundred  men,  under  command  ol  Major  I'ntnaiii,  at 
the  vcrv  time  Montcalm  was  cmharkini;  his  army  at  the 
lower  end  of  the  lake.  ( >n  ills  arrival  al  the  fal,  I'ntnatn 
was  sent  to  rccoiiiioiire  a^  far  as  'ricondcroiia,  and  had  [iro- 
ceeded  j)art()f  the  wav.  xvheii  he  dix'in'crcd  the  hoals  of 
the  French  moving'  slowly  up  the  lake.  Rctnrninu  to  the 
fort,  Putnam  inliirnicd  Wchhof  the  approach  and  sfreufi'tli 
of  the  enemy,  and  urired  that,  the  whole  army  should  he 
iironaht  lorw;n(l  immediately  to  repel  their  attack  ;  Itut 
to  this  W'ehh  would  not  consent.  Knjoinintj  secrecy  upon 
rutuani  lie  returned,  with  dastard  haste,  to  Fort  Edward, 
from  whence  he  sent  Colonel  Moiuo,  with  one  thousand  tmMi, 


66 


I.- 


to  rt'inforce  and   take  commiind  of   die  garrison  at  tlic  lake. 

Montcalm  landed  about  the  time  of  Colonel  Monro's 
arrival,  and  iinniedialely  laid  seine  1o  till'  fort,  at  the  same 
time  sendinu:  ))roposals  t!ir  iis  surrender.  "I  \vill  defend  my 
trust  to  the  last,"  w;i<  die  sjiiriled  reply  (4'  the  brave  Monro. 
The  seiire  lasted  >i\  davs.  iu  the  eoiirse  of  which  the  Freneh 
(umeral  pushed  his  advances  wilhiii  musket  shot  nf  the  t()rt, 
■\vhile  a  hodv  of  over  five  lhous;ind  Ifeuulars,  C'jiiiadiaiis  iiiid 
Indians,  under  de  Levv  and  dc  l:t  C'oriie  held  the  road  lead- 
inii  to  Fort  Edward  in  rearol'the  Kiiulish  works.  'I'lien  it 
was  that  Monro,  findiuLr  his  |)ro\i?iotis  and  ammunition  nearly 
exhausted,  and  liaviiiir  recei\ed  ;i  letter  from  his  j)u>illaiii- 
nious  Chief  decliiiiiiLr  to  >(Mid  him  further  assistance,  con- 
sented to  surrender.  Bv  the  terms  ot"  c;ipitul;ition  the 
English  were  to  m;ireii  out  \\  ilh  th(Mr  arms  and  imuLiage,  ;ind 
were  to  be  escorted  bv  a  detachment  of  I'riNieh  troops  us 
fir  as  Fort  Edward  ,'th(^  sick  and  wounded  remaining  under 
Montcalm's  jiroteetion  until  their  recovery,  when  they  were 
to  be  allowed  to  return  to  their  homes. 

At  the  time  of  the  I'apilulation  llnir  hundred  and  fifty- 
nine  English  occupied  the  liirt,  while  seventeen  hundred  ami 
fifty  were  posti'd  in  a,  fortified  c;imp  standing  on  an  emi- 
nence to  the  east,  now  marked  bv  the  ruins  ot"  Fort  (iei»rge. 
The  troops  niari'hed  out  oi'  the  works  on  the  morning  of  the 
10th  of  August,  mill  had  scurcely  p;i>sed  the  gates,  when 
thev  were  attacked  by  a  lar<ie  ])arty  of  Indi.ins  attached  to 
the  French  armv.  These  savam's  rushed  on  with  the  fury 
of  demons.  Men,  women  and  children  were  murdend  in 
cold  blood,  and  iu  the  most  barbiirous  manner.  The  m;issacre 
continued  until  the  English  had  procc'ded  half  w,iy  to  Fort 
Edward,  when  the  scattered  and  teiiilied  troops  were  nut 
by  an  escort  of  live  hundred  men,  sent  out  liir  their  j)iotec- 
tion.  The  French  ollicers  endeavored  in  valii  to  uriest  the 
terrible  onskiught.  "Kill  me,"  cried  Monieulm,  baring  his 
breast,  "but  spare  the  Engli.-h  who  are  under  my  prote  ••ion." 
The  appeal  was  in  vain.     The  vindictive  savages  had  tasted 


d  mv 


67 

blond,  find  neither  prayers,  nor  menaces  nor  promises  availed 
wliilc  a  vicUm  was  lo  be  found.* 

Immediately  alter  tin.'  victory  llie  (^>rt  was  levelled  to 
the  yround ;  the  eaiiiioii  and  slores  were  reniovrd  to  Tieon- 
deroua  and  the  boats  ami  vessels  taken  to  the  lower  (;nd  (jf 
till'  lake.  Thus  elosed  the  militarv  operations  of  the  year. 
The  French  returned  to  resuiniMlieir  labor  upon  tli(!  walls 
of  Carillon,  Webl)  shrunk  back  to  Albauy  and  the  timid  deer 
airain  drank,  undisturbed,  of  the  cool  waters  i)f  llu;  silver 
IloiicDii. 

The  Dritish  (loveriuiient  decidi'd  to  press  the  campaign  of 
tlu'  succeediiiti-  ve;ii'  (IT-J-^)  willi  uiicoiiiiiion  viooi-.  Twelve 
thousand  troups  were  lo  atlcnipl  the  reduction  of  Louis- 
buiu  <in  tlie  i-laud  of  Ca[»e  Jireton,  sixteen  thousand  W(;re 
to  niaich  aLzainst  Ticonderoca  and  Crown  Point,  and  eiaht 
thousand  were  to  all;i''k  Fort  du  Qnesiie.  The  t-ommand 
of  thi'  troops  de-tiiied  llii-  I,, 'ike  Chaniplaiu  was  entrusti'd  lo 
.Major  (iiMieraJ  Abercroiiibic,  \Uio  had  sueceech.'d  the  imbe- 
(.•ije  Ijoiidoii  lo  llie  chief  eoiniuaiid  in  America. 

( Ju  the  ilrsl  of  .July,  six  thousand  three  hundred  and  sixlv- 
scven  Keiiulars  aiul  nine  thousand  and  lwenlv-II)ur  Provin- 
cials were  collected  aroimd  the  drcayiiiLr  ruins  of  Port  Wil- 
liam llcnrv.  Kour  (lavs  later  the  whole  nrmamcnl  struck 
their  tents,  and  iii  nine  hundri.tl  bateau  and  one  hundred  and 
llnrtv-live  whale  boats  embarked  on  the  waters  of  Pake 
(i(  (irue  ;  a  larp'c  number  of  rafts,  armed  with  artilh'rv  and 
loaded  with  provisions.  a<'coni[»anie(|  the  c\[)cdition.  That 
night  the  proud  ho.^t  re-;t<'d  for  five  hours  on  Sabbath  Day 
Point,  and.  early  on  the  mornini:  of  the  tlth,  reached  the  land- 
iuL!' at  the  lower  end  of  the  laki'. 

Port  C'arillon,  auainst  which  tin;  Kiio|i>li  \v(M'e  now  ad- 
vancing, stood  near  the  point  of  the  peninsula  Ibrnied  by 
the  jiinciion  of  lh(M)ntlet  of  Lake  (ieorLTc  with  Lake  Cham- 
plain.     'I'liis  peninsula    contains  about  five  hundred  acres, 


*i;itiii!roft'3  Iliitury  ol'  l.  S.    \'A.   L     Connucst  <if  CauaJa,  Vol.  '2.     WilUatns' 
Vermont,  Vol.  2. 


(is 


■■.,!' 
■■», 


find  is  siirrouiiilod  on  three  fides  l)y  wivtcr.  One  Imll' (if 
tilt'  western  or  land  side  was  llien  edvt  red  liy  a  swanip. 
The  l()rt  was  neai'ly  one  hundi'ed  leet  alioxe  ihe  waler,  and 
stood  on  the  sonlli  side  of  the  ponin-iila  atiiuiniM!!  the  ontlel, 
^v]li(•ll  here  expands  into  a.  hav  of  some  size.  ( )n  die  eMrenie 
easlernniosr  [leinl  of  ih"  ik  ninsiil--.  ;it  a  shoil  di-lanee  from 
iho  main  work,  was  a  slron^■  redonhl  ol'  eardi  and  slones, 
wliieii  commanded  the  narrow  |)art  of  the  lake.  A  lialtery 
also  stood  on  the  hank  ol"  tiie  lia\ ,  a  shni'i  distance  we>t  of 
the  l()rt.  while  the  low  land  to  the  p.irth  \\;'<  cii\ercd  hv  two 
batteries,  standins  Ix'hlnd  ii-  wdis.  The  I'oad  (i'mii  Lake 
(ieorue  to  TicondiroLia  cro«^>cd  the  river  or  onllcl.  twice, 
hv  liridu'es.  .Near  the  lnwer  hridui'.  and  le-<  than  two  nfiles 
from  the  ti)ri,  tlieKi-eiicJi  had  hnill  saw-mills,  which  were 
deli'iided  hv  a  sliirhl  militarv  wurk.  Thev  iiad  aUo  hnill  a. 
JoLlcamn  ni'ar  the  landinu  at  the  liiol  nf  L;d\e  (iturue. 

To  oppose  the  powerfnl  armv  tiow  ad\ancinii  a^ainsr 
them,  till'  l''i-iMicli  had  oiilv  twentv-eiLihi  liinidrcil  luiinlars 
and  fom'  hnndii'd  and  fiflv  Canadians.  Hnt  Montcalm  was 
not  ill''  man  to  lioitalc.  The  ,-ipp;irent  hopelessness  ol 
re.-istaiice  extati'd  him  to  action.  Willi  cmisinnmale  jnd'j- 
ment  he  marked  oin  his  lines,  hall'  a  mile  wesi  of  the  liirl, 
and  pn>hod  the  work  wilh  .-uch  ardoi-  that,  in  ten  honrs.  a 
wall  as  many  li'el  hiuh  had  heen  thrown  np  across  the  hiuh 
lironnd  which  lav  hetween  the  swamp  and  the  hank  ol'  the 
outie!.  ( >n  the  l.-tofJuly  three  regiments,  nacha'  .M.  de 
l»our'iema(|Ue,  iiccnpied  the  Iom camp  at  thc'lnui  of  the  lake, 
while  the  hattalioii  of  la  Jiarre  wa>  po-ied  near  the  mills. 
W  iien  the  Kn'jh>li  lirsl  appeared  in  siuht,  llotirlemacjiic  li'll 
hack  upon  ihi;  mill-,  leavin'j  Captain  tie  Trepi'ze,  with  tliiee 
hnndred  nien,  to  wiiteh  tlie  aj.>proacliinu  t'ohimn. 

Imniediatelv  on  landino.  Ahereromhie,  leavint;  hi-  haL'^uaye, 
provisions  and  arliileiy  in  ihf  hoal.-,  Iomih d  his  men  into  three 
columns  and  advanced  towards  Ticoudcioua.  'J'he  route  lay 
through  a  thick  and  laniiled  wood  which  previTifed  anv  re<j;- 
ular  progreji-i,    and   the  troops,    misled    by  the   bewildered 


1)9 

guides,  wero  soon  tlirowii  into  couriisi.iii.  \Vliili>  thus  prcss- 
i.uij'  lid'Wiinl  ill  (lisoi'dcr,  tlic  liciid  oi  thr  adviuici:'  coImuhi, 
under  liord  ILowc,  ieil  in  wil!)  ;i  pailyor  the  Kn-ncli  Ir()o])s, 
who  had  lost  their  w.iy  likewise,  and  a  ^.val•ll)  skirmish  en- 
sued. At  the  lirst  liri' til.' 'gallant  HiascI'II  a;id  instanllv 
(^\[>ireil.  ile  Was  the  iJol  ol' I 'le  aianv  and  had  endeared 
hiniseif  lo  the  ni"ii  dy  his  aiiiihilily  and  vii'tnes.  Infuriated 
i>V  till.'  lo.-s  of  iheir  heJoNed  leader,  his  nun  I'ushed  l()r\vard 
and  swi^pl  the  I'"reneh  rrniii  the  liehl.  ,\li"i'(a'o!nl)Ii.''s  hnqles 
i'.)W  sounded  the  retri'Ml,  and  tiie  !;iliL;iied  >ol(liei->  relumed 
to  the  landing  jihsee,  uh'  :e  they  eneani[)ed  Im  the  ni^ht. 

i'larlv  on  the  niornini;  kI' the  7lh.  iiientenant  C<i!onel  Urad- 
street  moNcd  liirward  wiih  a  sli'oni^'  |>art\'  rind  louk  ])(i>ses- 
sion  of  the  saw-mills,  while  Aherei'oinhie  aaain  jiirnied  his 
men  in  oidei-  oi'  hattle.  and  prepaicd  to  ad\aiiee  auaiiist  the 
Freiieh  \\(irks.  liul  iheallaek  wa- not  made  until  the  morn- 
iuii'oi'the  '"^tli,  when  the  wiioleaimy  wa-  hrouiilit  ii[),  exeept 
;i  small  detaelaneiil  hit  toiinard  the  lioats,  and  a.  IVoviiieiid 
roLlimi'iit  staliiiiied  al  the  .-aw-nulls.  ?doiitealm  iiad  that 
jnornaiu  iceeived  a  reintoicement  oi  lour  hundred  men,  un- 
der M.  de  lie\\ ,  which  inereased  his  'iiree  t(»  about  tliirtv- 
si.x  hundred.  Iichind  the  newly  elected  lines,  which  were 
now  streiiothened  hv  a  wide  and  diJlieult  ahaltis,  he  [losted 
the  tried  haltalions  nl  la  Iveine,  la  Sane,  Dearii,  (iuiene, 
iierrv,  l.aniiuedoc  and  lionssillmi,  iuid  I'almlv  awaited  the 
onset. 

As  the  i'luLdish  a|)proaehed,  the  ranyers.  \\is\]\  Iniimtry,  ha- 
teuu  nii'ii  and  Kuiiule>',  Doh'v's,  I'arlridLie's.  Williams'  and 
liaglev's  regiments  ol"  I'rox  incials,  with  a  hatlaliou  of  the 
New  York  reuiine.u.  l<»ok  |)o>l  in  fidiit,  out  oi'  caiinou-sliot 
of  the  French  works.  .Next  came  the  ReLuilars  destined  l()r 
the  attack,  while  the  Coiineclieut  ;uid  .New  Jersev  troops 
were  drawn  up  in  the  icar.  At  one  (/cinck  the  Knalish 
bugles  sounded  td  attai  k,  when  the  rennlar  battalions  moved 
forward  with  (luick  and  steady  step — the  \eteraii  fitiy-lilth 
leadiiii.',  clostdv  followed  bv  the  izullant  (-oiouel  (rrahani,  rit 


iIk;  head  of  ^fuiTiiy's  Tlifjliliiudrr?.  As  the  columns  ap- 
proached,  and  whi'ii  lh(  r;iiiks  hcciiriKMMilaiiijhMl  anuuisi' the 
)iii;s  and  IJillcii  trees  whirh  iiroleclcd  the  hrea.-twork,  Moiit- 
cahii  opened  a  ii'nlhnii-  lire  ot'  arlillei-y  and  musketry,  \vhieli 
mowtnl  down  the  l)rave  ollieiTs  mid  mi  ii  hv  hunchi'd-;.  For 
t()ur  hours  the  KuLili^h  v;iiiilv  strove  to  en!  their  w.'iv  llirouiih 
the  inu^ieneti'ahie  ;i  hat  I  is.  until  AI)creroinhii',  despniriniiorsue- 
eess,  and  havin'_;'  alrnidv  lost  niueli'eii  liuudrcd  and  tlu'lv- 
i()ur  men  in  killed  an<l  wounded,  oi(h'red  a  rctrent.  Mont- 
e;dm  did  Hot  piu'sue.  lin'  the  Kut^lisli  still  outiumihrred  him 
{i)ur  tiild.  riavinu'  relreslied  his  exhausted  soldiers,  he  em- 
ploved  the  niuht  in  str(Mii>tlieuinii'  his  lines — ;i  useless  labor,  li)r 
the  liiiilitened  Ahereromhie  did  not  >lo|»  nutil  he  renehed  the 
head  ot'  liwkc  (ie()roe,  ami,  excii  then,  l;e  senl  his  artillery 
and  ammunition  to  Alhimy  l()r  snfi'ly.* 

8oou  idler  the  ntreiit  of  the  I'hiulish,  ,>r;ijors  Puti.'am  and 
Rodiiers  were  sent,  with  their  niniiers,  towards  tlu^headot" 
Lake  Cliamplain,  to  watch  the  moviMiients  of  a  ]»artv  ot'live 
hundred  Canadiims  and  Jndi;uis,  who.  it  was  undei'slood,  in- 
tended to  puss  u])  the  |;d\i'  Irom  'rieondernLia.  under  eom- 
mand  ot"  the  tiniious  M;nin.  I'edLurs,  widi  the  main  hodv, 
toiik  a  position  near  Wood  Creek,  ahout  twelve  miles  trom 
its  mouth,  while  I'utniim,  with  tliirty-li\e  men,  tdok  po.-~t  on 
the  hold  roekv  sliore  of  the  lake  about  hall  a  mile  noitli  of 
the  Creek.  Near  the  odi^^e  of"  these  roel-;.--  he  eonstrueted  a 
wall  of  stones,  and  plaeed  vouiil;  ti'ees  l)e|()re  it  in  such  a 
inmmi'r  as  eomjdeiely  to  hide  the  defense  from  the  water 
below.  liearniuL',  fiur  d;iys  alierwards,  dial  the  eiiemv 
were  approaehinu,  under  cover  ot  the  iiiLihl.  I'lilnam  called 
in  his  sentinels  and  stmioiu'd  his  mrii  where  iheir  lire  would 
prove  inosi  elleelive;  ordeiinii'  llieiii  to  reniain  ])eiicclly 
(]uiet  until  thev  received  his  orders.  The  canoes  advanct^d 
in  solemn  sil(  nee.  and  hiid  passed  the  wall  of'  slon<',  when 
ihev   iiecame    ahiriueil  bv  a.   sliijhl   noise,  canscd   bv  one  uf 


*.\b(.'rcruiiibio"s    l)i.-p;ilcli — Ci,i]i|iieR!  nl'  Cjiiiula.      iiiiDcr.ifL'f  llislorj^of  the  L'qI- 
t'".l states.     Williams'  Vormoat,  &<?■. 


71 

PutiKiiii's  luiMi  ciirelf'ssly  strikiiiG;  his  mm  iitriiiiist  ;i  stoiic. 
CrDwdiiiLij  to^clljcr  liciiciitli  llic  rofks,  ;i  l)ri('t"c()ri.<iill;itinn 
\v;i.s  held  hv  tlic  y);irtv,  when  the  riiiiiics  were  turned  haels 
towiirds  'l"ie()ii(leroij;i.  A.s  ihi'v  turned,  I'uiiirini  liuvc  \\\r 
(irdor  ti)  Hre.  This  lire  was  retniiieil  lioiii  the  hd<e.  and 
ii)r  a  short  tini(>  the  eontesi  was  warmly  kept  uj)  nn  hodi 
sides.  (Ireal  was  thi'  eariiiiLif  aniunirtlie  canoes,  which  lay 
exposed  npon  thi'  siiKtoth  surliice  ol'  die  water.  Marin  at 
leiiydi  wilhdrew  and  landed  his  men  a  sliorl  di.-lanec  i)elow, 
intenilinu'  to  ^nrround  lln'  rangers:  hut  I'uluani  was  upon 
the  alei'l  ami  iinincdiatciv  wilhdicw  towards  Fort  Ivlwai'd. 
While  rcIi-ealiiiL' dii'oHLih  ihr  diick  li>rr.-l  ;ni  nnexpecled  I'li- 
euiv  iired  upon  die  pariv,  and  wounded  (Jiie  man.  I'litnam 
instandy  onlereil  lii-  men  lo  ehrii-ue,  wlieii  liis  \-oice  Avas  re- 
coi^ni/.ed  hy  die  leader  ol  die  olhir  partv,  who  cried  out, 
"Hold,  we  are  hieiids.*'  "Krieiid-  or  Toes,"  ansW(M'ed  ]'ui- 
nam. '•von  (le>er\ e  lo  ])erish  tiir  dciiiiL:-  so  iiiile  execudnu  wilh 
so  tiiir  a  shfit.""  The  party  proved  to  he  a  detachmeni  .-ent 
to  co\('i'  his  relii  at. 

A  ll'W  days  alli'rw;ird<.  Putnam  was  taken  |)risouer  hv 
some  of  die  Indians  attached  lo  Marin's  command.  The 
Indians  houiiil  I'liiiiam  to  a  tiee.  A  voiiiil;  savage  then 
amused  himseir  hv  seeino  how  near  he  could  throw 
;i  tomahawk  to  his  pri-oin  r"s  head,  without  tniieliinn  ii — the 
weapon  ,-iruck  in  the  tree  a  numher  ot  limes,  at  a  hair's 
hreadth  lioni  the  mark.  When  tlie  Indian  had  lini>hed  this 
novel,  hut.  lo  one  di"  die  pa]'tie^,  imi  verv  agrecahle  sport, 
a  Canadian  came  up,  .-napped  his  iiisee  at  I'utnam's  hreast, 
dieii  violenllv  and  re[)<'atedlv  pushed  the  '  uiz/le  ai:ainst  his 
rihs,  and  tinally  iiaxe  him  a  severe  hlow  on  the  jaw  with 
the  hut-end  oj'  the  luiii.  Putnam  was  then  stripped  ot'  his 
clothes  and  taken  to  the  place  selected  tor  their  ni^hl  c'l- 
campment,  where  die  huliaiis  detei-miiied  to  roast  him  alive. 
For  this  |)iir[)ose  they  hound  him  to  a  tre(>,  [)iled  dried  hushes 
in  a  (arch'  around  him,  and  then  set  lire  lo  the  pile.  At  the 
niomcMil  when  Putnam  heoan  to  led  die  scorching  heat,  and 


li;i(l  icsiLiurd  liiinscU'  ti>  ihc  keen  .'lucnics  (if  cortaiii  ilciitli, 
Mnriii  vuslird  lliroiiaii  the  crowd,  oiicncd  a  way,  by  scal- 
Icriiiij'  till'  bnrniiiLi  Inaiid-,  and  iiiihdiind  tlic  \i(iiiii.* 

This  liiiiiiaiic  (lilicir.  lia\"iiiL;'  I'ipiiiiiaiHh'd  dn'  savages  hi 
sr'vci'c  ti'i  ins.  look  l'iiti;aiii  under  his  nwii  iiroiccliun  and  Ar- 
li\ ci'i'd  liiui  tc  .\i()iilrahii,  l)y  whum  hi'  wassrnt  to  Munircal. 
— 'Thus,  llirnuLih  liardshijis,  jnivalii)iis  and  hlimd,  ^\■(>^^  \\iv. 
slin'd\  I'i'ov  incials  .-choDh'd  im"  thri^rral  itiid  hrrnic  di'i'ds  oi" 
die  Aniciican  lu'M'huiim. 


♦TliHobci's  Alilitiirv  .rouriial. 


■;ith, 

-(• 

;U- 

s 

iii 
l(- 

•(■ 

1  < 

•il. 

■  t 

ho 

Is 

of 

CHAPTKR  V. 

licncrnl  Amherst  marched  iignin.«l  TicoiidcrfRa  ;iuJ  Crown  I'oint — Kctrcat  cf  tho 
l-'rciich  to  Canada — Naval  nperatiDiis  on  Lalio  Cham[ilaiii — I'nigrosa  jf  tho  settU'- 
iiK'iit  of  tlie  ooiuiti-y  lionl'Tinj;  on  l.aKc  Chumiilaiii,  prior  to  tl.i'  revolution — New 
Hampshire  Grants — liisputc  with  tenants  of  Colonel  liocil — A  new  Province  pro- 
jeeleil  hy  Colonel  Skene  anil  other.s. 

Notwitli-liiiKiliii:  ill''  ^i(';it  iiii|Hii-t;inc('  allachctj  In'  the 
Pniviuri.il  and  llniiic  (iMxcriiiiii'tits  to  \\\v  (MiiiUDl  of  Luke 
Ctiaiiiplaiii — the  kiv  nf  Cniada — llin'c  carnpaiLitis,  under 
tlucc  <lilii'rcnt  ( Jcncral -,  liad  hfcn  inidcrtaki'ii  willioul  any 
proLircss  towards  tlir  attainniciit  ol'  that  olijcci.  Johnson 
was  inillicicnf.  WChh  piisillanimons  and  Ahcicronihii;  waiit- 
iim  in  military  .-kill  and  linnnoss.  'J'he  fnst  halted  his  niiiiv 
to  liiiild  a  liiil  when  ho  should  liavt^  captiifcd  one;  the  sec- 
ond, with  lour  thousand  inenuud<r  his  ininiediate  eoininand, 
ahandoned  till'  hrave  Monro  to  the  tomahawk  oi"  the  iiht- 
eile>s  >avaL;e;  while  Ahereromliic.  thouLrli  tiir  superior  to  both, 
1)V  a  lidse  move  aiid'Mlie  extreniest  lri,i,'ht  and  consternation," 
allowed  le-s  lliaii  limr  tlioiisaiid  men  to  repel  the  advance  of 
iilieen  thousand  ironps,  truly  said  to  have  Keen  "the  largest 
and  best  ap|)ortioni(l  armv  in  America."  Siieecss,  however, 
had  attended  the  British  arms  in  other (piarters.  I.oui.-biirg 
capitulated  to  (ieiural  Amlnrst  in  ,lulv,  and  in  November 
(lencral  Korbes  was  in  po>ses-ion  of  Fort  du  (^uesne. 

I'itt,  the  then  I'liisjlish  Secretary  of  Statt  ,  had  long  d'^sired 
till'  e()n(|uest  ot"  Canada,  and  was  deleriiiintxl  to  leave  no 
efl()rts  uniried  to  accomplish  that  object.  Fullv  apprccia* 
ting  the  skill,  bravcrv  and  activity  of  Amherst,  he  appointed 
him  to  the  chiel'  connntmd  in  Americ.'a.  Ainlicrst  entered 
upon  his  work  with  zeal.     Wolfe  was  placed   in  coniinaiul 


74 


>; 


of  one  fxpcdition  dc-tiiud  to  the  iittiicU  of  Quohcc;  Pri- 
(li'jiiix  Nviis  sent  with  ;iiinili(  T  iiLjiiiiisl  \i;iii:ar;i,  while  the 
('oiiiiii;iii(lrr-iii-('hii'r  led  ;i  thii'il  in  (tci'snn,  ;io;ilii;.i  i|i(.  Kiciich 
posis  (111  lijikc  C'h;Mii|il;iiii. 

Moiitciihii  w  ;i.-  iiulflaliu.iMc  in  his  |)r('|(;ir;ilii>ns  li>r  the 
jippidiichiny  ,<lriii;L;l''.  'rhicc  ;niii('(l  \i's-''Is  wtir  luiih  to 
(•oinni;iii(l  ll.c  ii;i\  iiiiilion  ut'Liikc  ('li;iin])l;hn,  and  the  .--t rone; 
walls  of  Carillfin  a^aiii  echoed  with  the  noise  >•['  wmknien. 
Still  the  Ffeiieh  (ieneral,  sorely  pre.s.-ed  on  tncry  side, 
i(?afed  till' the  sali'fy  ol"  that  post.  He  eould  s[)are  l>nt  tiw 
tfoops  l()r  its  deli'uee.  ami  besides  ho  well  knew  thai  its 
batteries  were  edniniaiided  by  the  eontrollinu;  summit  of 
Mount  Detdanee.  '-Had  I  to  hesie^e  Fort  Carillon,"  said 
he  the  year  lieli)re,  while  wnnderiim;  at  the  retreat  of  Aher- 
crombie,  "I  would  ask  but  >i\  nmriars  jnid  two  piet-es  ot" 
artillery. "*  llourlemaque  was  sent  jiirward  to  [)r<<ieci  the 
l()rt  with  three  battalions  ot'  Ib-iiulars  and  a  body  oi'  Cana- 
dians and  Indians,  but  he  received  inslruetious,  at  the  same 
time,  it  nesessary  to  blow  u])  the  works  im  the  approach  of 
the  EiiLdish,  to  retire  to  Isle  Au\  Noi\  and  there  make  a 
stroiii;    resistance. 

On  the  "Jlst  ot  June,  Amherst  itached  the  head  nf  Lake 
Cleorge  with  an  army  ot' six  thousand  men, where  hi'  remain- 
ed f()r  a  month,  waiting  ti>r  the  remainder  ol' the  troops  to 
I'ome  up.  On  t lie  -J  I  St  he  embarked  wiih  lilt  v-se veil  hundred 
and  tl>rty-tlireo  Ifetrulars  and  live  thousand  two  hundred  and 
seventy-nine  Provincials,  and  erossiuu  the  lake  in  li)ur  eol- 
iimns  landed,  the  next  day,  near  tlu'  spot  where  Abereroni- 
bie  liad  disembarked  the  year  bt'litre.  That  niulit  his  army 
lay  under  arms  at  the  saw-mills,  wliiic  the  I'^reiic''  held  their 
old  lines  in  (l)rce.  On  the  niirht  of"  the  J.'Jd,  de  l)Ourlemat|Ut; 
\yitlidrew'  lii.s  men  and  leavino;  a  party  ot  Huir  hundred  in 
Fort  Carillon,  to  mask  his  retreat,  embarked  with  the  main 
body  lor  Crown  Point.  The  Knglislj  (henadiers  immediately 
occupied  the  deserted  intrenchments. 


•Baneroft's  History  of  U.  S. 


76 


Pri- 
ll ic 
'lull 


During  the  21tli  niul  Sotli,  tlii"  Fn-'iicli  kepi  up  a  conliriuousj 
fue  upon  the  English  cjunp,  v  Mcli  \v;is  w;u"inly  returned. 
In  ilir  ini'.'iu  time,  Aiiilicrsl  ;i(iviiiice(l  liis  ;)ppr()!icli(;>  Avitliin 
si\  liundrcd  yiirds  of  the  l()rl,  :md  wns  pr('|);ired  lo  assault 
tlir  works,  hut,  llic  l'']'('iicli,  liiiving  now  held  tlirir  op|i(Jiicnls 
at  h;iy  long  t'liougli  to  socuro  llic  retreat  oi'  de  l»ourlt.'ina(|ue, 
])re[)are<l  to  Itlow  up  niid  abandon  ttiein.  Several  mines 
were  eonslrucled  under  llie  wnlls  ;ind  a,  liis('  conueeled 
with  the  powder  nuiua/.iin  .  Al  leii  o'clock,  on  iIk;  niirht  of 
the  "Jdlli,  they  sprung  tin'  mine  ami  hastily  retreated  to  their 
hoats.*  'The  eNjilosion  scattered  the  llanies  in  every  diree- 
tk)U — breastworks,  barracks  and  store-houses  were  consum- 
ed, while  the  report  nf  the  bursting  guns,  IbllowiiiLj  each 
other  in  quick  succession,  announci^d  to  the  retreating  French 
the  progress  of  the  work  of  dcslruelion. 

Amherst  iiiuiiediatelv  commenced  impairing  the  fort,  th*; 
stone  work  of  which  remained  mostiv  uninjured.  He  also 
sent  tl>rward  Major  llodirers,  with  two  hundred  rangers,  to 
examine  the  positii)n  nt'  the  French  at  Cmwii  I'nini,  and  In 
seize,  anti,  at  all  hazards,  hold  some  strong  po>l  neartlu>  li)rt. 
But  this  haste  was  useless,  i()rbeti)re  the  Hangers  could  reach 
their  post,  the  French  had  destroyed  the  ti)rt,  burned  the 
surrounding  settlements  anil  retreated  to  Isle  Aux  iNoix.  The 
glory  of  8t.  Frederic  was  gnn(  : 

"Obsoiirp  it  sinUr",  nor  -itmll  it  muro  import 

An  luiiir'ij  iiiiivii-liiiioe  to  tliu  poor  iiiau'.s  licart." 

(Writhe  4th  of  August,  Amh  ist  n-achetl  Crown  Point  with 
the  main  army  and  immediately  traced  out  the  lines  of  a 
new  t(»rt,  about  two  hundred  yards  west  of  the  old  French 
works.  This  ilirt,  although  never  completed,  is  said  to  have 
cost  the  PiUglish  (ioverinnent  over  two  millions  of  [)ouiuls 
sterling.  Tlie  ramparts  were  about  twenty-live  t'eet  thick 
and  nearly  the  same  in  height  and  wer*^  built  of  solid  ma- 
sonry.    The  curtains  varietl  in  length,  iwm  fitty-two  to  one 


Conqucit  of  Canada,  Vul.  2- 


7»> 

hiindn'd  y;inl?!,  niid  the  wliolc  circuit,  iiicMsiirinc:  nrouiid  tlit> 
r;tinpiirrs  iiiid  iiicludiiiii:  tlii^  l);isti()iis,  was  ciylil  liuiidnul  and 
fitiv-tlinMM'anU.  A  hroad  ditch  suri(iiin(l<(l  ilic  Wdik.  On 
tlif  north  was  a  ;:ati',  and  tVinu  the  nurlh-cast  bastion  a 
covered  way  Icadini;  lo  the  water. 

While  eHLraued  npon  this  \\()rk,  Amherst  directed  Cajjtain 
JiOrinfj,  who  sn[)erintcnded  the  naval  operations  on  the  lake, 
to  hnild  with  the  ifrcatest  (hspateh  a  sloop  of  sixteen  amis, 
a  radeau  or  rail  ciirlify-limr  tiff  loiiy,  capable  of  earryintj; 
six  hirirc  cannon,  and  a  hriirantine.  These  W(>n'  conipleled 
hy  the  I  Ith  of  October,  when  the  Knirli,-h  C'oininander  em- 
barked his  whole  aririy  in  l)ateau  and  .-larted  tltr  Canadii. 
Towards  the  evening' of  tlie  next  day  the  wind  eomincMced 
Idowiny;  a  gale,  and  the  general  was  obligrd  to  anchor  his 
bateau  nndei-  the  west  shore  of  the  lake.  (,'a[)lain  Lorinu, 
however,  kept  at  sea  with  his  armed  vessels,  and  at  day- 
Jiulit  in  lh(-  iiiorninir,  discovered  the  Kreneli  about  l()rty-live 
miles  down  the  lake.  Tie  immediately  aase  chase  aiul  drove 
a  schooner  and  three  sloops  under  shelter  of  \  alcour  Island. 
Twoofthe  vessels  were  here  sunk,  while  the  oilier  was  run 
aLrroiiud  bv  her  crew,  who  escaped  into  the  woods.*  The 
schooner  escaped  duriuc  the  lULilil. 

AinluMst,  alter  remaining  wind-bound  tor  several  days, 
again  start( d  tlir  Canada,  but  he  had  scarcely  reached  Val- 
eour  Island,  when  the  autumn  winds  threatened  to  swamp  liis 
vessels.  Satisfli'd  that  he  could  acettmplish  nothing  at  that 
late  and  inclement  season  of  the  year,  he  now  abandoned 
the  enterpris('  and  returned  to  winter  ([u  <rters  i\\  Crown 
Point,  where  he  arrived  on  the  2lst  of  October. 

Whil(>  Amherst  was  at  Crown  Point  he  opened  a  road 
from  that  place  t(»  "Xo  1"  on  the  Connecticut  river,  and  also 
planned  an  expedition  against  the  kSt.  Francis  Indians,  wlio 
lived  on  the  east  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  near  Three  Rivers. 
Tile  command  of  this   expedition  was  entrusted  to  Major 


*See  Urosricr's  Map  of  Lalse  Champlain,  where  the  north  end  of  Valcour   Island 
ii  designated  as  tlio  place  where  "the  French  sunk  their  vessel  in  1759." 


til.' 

.'111(1 

On 


•Vllllf 


77 

Rodders  ol"  tlir  New  lliiiii[)sliiri'  li(ii»j).s,  wlio,  in  OcUjImt, 
left  Crown  I'oinf  in  l);it''.iii,  with  twu  inmdrcd  nirn.  This 
iiuiiiIk  r  m;is  ;ili(  rw.nils,  liy  ;m  ;ifii(l(iii,  icdncid  to  one 
Imiidird  ;nid  I<ii1y-I \vi),  wiili  wlmni  K'ikIl'cis  pidcccdi'd  lo 
Mis.-iscit  l>;iy,  will  re  lie  coniTiiIrd  lii- iiicil-;  ;iii(l  ;i  |i(iiliitn  ol" 
his  provisiniis  ;ind  sI;irL«'d  Itv  l;nid  ti»r  llic  liidi;iii  vilhi^c.  The 
«'N|)('dili()n  wiis  <uccrssl'iil.  Alirr  ri'ducinu  iiir  vilhiL'^c  \o 
iislirs,  IfiKli^fcis  ;nid  his  men  iriniiicd  to  C'mwn  i''iint  Itv  the 
w;iy  of  dir  Cunni  I'dciit  Jiivcr. 

In  AiiunsI  1 7(10,  (!olon('l  l[;ivil;nid  Id'l  Crown  Point  ;it  tlir 
held  of  litic'cn  Inindred  ri'Lrnliir  troo|)s,ri!j;liU'('nliiiiidird  I'rov- 
incifiis  ;ind  <oiii<'  Indiiiiis,  iiiid  on  the  ItWh  of  tli;i1  nionlli,  cn- 
(.•iiiiiju  d  opposiir  thr  Krciich  post  ;it  Isle  Aii\  .Noi\,  ;ind  liy 
thc".'lth,  oponrd  ;i  fire  of  niorlars  upon  it.  'i'lirt'c  d;ivs  .■illcr, 
M.  di  lloiiuiiinvillc,  the  Coniin;iiid;iiit.  wiUidrcw  ti-oin  tlin 
lsl;iiid  Ifiivinu^  ;i  y,irrison  of  oiilv  thirty  men,  who  iiumodi- 
Mtclv  siirrcndfii'd.*  (>ii  tin'  ^ili  o!' Si^plcniljcr,  Couoiicl 
liaviliind  jointH!  Aiulirrsl  and  Minuv,  undi'r  llir  walls  of 
Montreal.  'That  ^aiiic  day  the  city  was  -iurrctidrrrd  by 
^'audr<Mlil.  liv  this  ait  thr  Fniicli  dominion  in  Canada 
ceased,  and  liy  the  treal\  of  peace  .-iLrncil  in  Paris  on  the  10th 
day  of  February,  I7»>:{,  that  Province  was  tiirinally  ceded 
to(!reat  llritain.  This,  says  Mr.  Sinolict,t  "was  a coiKiuest 
till"  most  imporlaiil  of  any  tliat  rver  the  liiili-h  army 
achieved,  whrllier  we  considrr  the  sately  of  the  Hriti-h  Col- 
onies in  America,  now  secured  troiii  invasion  and  encroacli- 
ineni  ;  the  extent  and  ti'rtilitv  of  the  country  stibilued  ;  or 
the  whole  Indian  (.■oniinerce  dius  transferred  to  Cirent 
Britain. " 

When  the  French  army  relreat'd  to  Canada,  it  was  ac- 
companied by  the  li'W  inhabitant-;  res idiiiii;  upon  the  borders 
of  the  lake.  TIkmc  wa>,  however,  at  this  time,  a  settlement 
of  French  and  Indians  at  Swanton  Falls  in  \'ermont.  sevi^ral 
miles  cast  of  the  lake,  (•ontauiing  a  smaii  church,  a  saw-uiill 

•Contiucst  of  Canada.     Williams  History  of  Vtriuont. 
f  History  of  Kngland. 


78 

ami  iil)()iH  lilfy  huts,  wliicli  \v;is  iKtl  .lUniiiloiird  l»y  tln'in  nnlil 
tli('  yc:\v  I"// •").* 

In  flic  coiiiscor  ilic  year  I7lii).  ilic  \c\v  l'lrisj;l;iiiil  irmip-i 
in  (I  IK 'lit  I V  |»:i>S(il  fiver  llir  rnail  up;  md  hv  AinliiTSl 
lidiii  the  l.'ikr  Id  llip  ( 'uiiiK '( 1  iciil ,  ;ihtl  lliii>  !)('<, inir  ;n'(|iiiiiiit.- 
nl  will,  ilic  H'l'tilily  ami  viilm  ol  ihr  l;iii(l.>  in  ilmt  sfclioii. 
'I'licsr  hiid.-  AVt'i'c  soon  Sdiiirlil  niit  ;iii(l  x  llird  npoii. 

Tlic  Imids  iiorlli  (if  Cniun  IViiiil,  ;'IiIi(hil!Ii  ciiikiIK  ii'ililr, 
\vrii'  more  I'ctiKitr  iiiiil  did  nut  ;is  cMily  ;illi;i('l  lln-  iillculioii 
ot  the  pioneer  or  speenliitnr.  'I'liev.  Imwcvrr,  ciiiie  iiitit 
notice  iinidiiallv,  so  tlial  sevcriil  pcrni.inenl  ,-ctlleniciils  were 
made  alonii  the  borders  of  the  lake,  dlililiL:  ilic  lil'teeli  years 
wliieli  intervened  l)ef\veeii  the  expulsion  ol'  tlie  Kreiuli  and 
tlie  coininenceiueni  ot'  the  revolutionary  war. 

In  i7(i(»,  Colonel  Kpliraini  |)ooliitle,  I'aiil  Moore,  Mar- 
shall .Newton  and  others  settled  in  the  tow  n  ol'  Sliorehani, 
and,  in  the  same  year,  Donald  .Mclntoh,  a  native  of  Scot- 
land, moved  into  the  the  town  i>\'  \  erui'une.-..  A  saw-mill 
was  erected  at  the  lower  tails  ot  (Mtei  ('ret  k  as  early  iis 
J7t)!»,  and  shortly  at'ti-rwards  a  urisi-iiiill  was  huilt  at  tlu! 
same  place. 

Some  vonrs  hetlirc  the  conimencenu'iil  of  the  revoliiiion- 
nrv  war,  two  Germans  hy  the  name  of  Louan  and  INittier 
settled  upon  the  points  ot  land,  in  the  town  of  Shelhnrne, 
known  as  I'ottier's  L'oint  and  Loi^an's  Point.  'I'hey  wcru 
cneaiTi^d  ill  aettinc  out  timher  liir  the  ('anadian  market,  and 
art!  said  to  have  been  murdered  near  the  north  einl  ot  liic: 
lake,  hv  a  pnrtv  of  soldiers  sent  out  from  Montreal  to  escort 
them  home,  on  their  return  with  the  avaiU  ol'  a  rati  which 
they  had  sold.  Soon  after  their  (l"aih,  about  ten  tamilies  set- 
tled in  the  town,  amoim  whom  were  Thomas  and  Moses 
Piersoii. 

.John  StroiiiT,  Zadock  Hverest  and  a  Mr.  Ward  cotn- 
menced  a  st  ttlement  in  tlie  town  ul"  Addison,  on  the  opposite 
side  ot'  the  lak(>  from  Crown  Point,  in  170!)  or  1770.     A  set- 


*Tliompson'3  Gazetteer. 


iirilil 


;iiul 


70 

tl'.'lJK'Mt  Vas  I'llsii  roiiiliiiticrd  in  1770,  in  ill'' loWii  nri'illitoii, 
bv  Jiiliii  I'iiimhnrii  ;iiiil  Odic  S(|nii('s,  vlio  wrrc  jilirrwards 
joined  Itv  Tiniiilliy  Spanldiii!.',  I'i'Iit  Ferris  and  oiImts.  Ker- 
ns ii'sided  at,  tin  bay  in  wliich  Arnold  Inirned  !iis  vcs>els 
(liirinLT  lilt'  revolntionarv  war. 

'I'hc  town  1(1'  IJiidport  was  lirst  m  illid,  in  I7<')^,  by  I'liilip 
Stone,  III'  (Imtoii  .Massachusetts.  AbnUt  llie  >aine  time,  two 
liiniilie,-  by  tlif  namr  n\'  Ifieliardsim  and  Smith  mo\ed  into 
the  tt'\vn-hi|i  and  ennnneneed  a  >elllemenl,  nnder  New  Wnk 
title.-,  and  ui're  liillewcd  bv  Towner,  Cliipmaii  and  Plnnier, 
who  held  ill-ants  linm  the  (  Iia n  ikh- ut'  New  I  lanipshiri  .  In 
I77'{.  Sanniel  Smith  innNed  hi<  I'lmilv  intu  the  tn\  n  and  was 
lolldwed  dnrioL;  the  liilluwinL'  wintci-  b\  Mr.  \'i<'t(irv.  A 
sctllrment  was  (■(imniriieed  al  iIh'  lower  l;dl>  on  the  \\  iiieds- 
ki    Itivi  I'  bv    Ira  .Mh'ti  and  K'emi  inbc-r  l^akei-,  in  l'J7-'>.*' 

'I'he-^e  setllenieiitv  were  all  on  the  eastern  Imrder  of  the 
laki  .  \  ti'W  improvrnieni-  had  also  bren  eonimeneed  en 
the  Niw  \nyk  side,  which  were  principally  conliiied  to  the 
grants  niadc.  b\  ili<' cnlonv  ol  .New  \  nrk,  to  the  oHicers  and 
.soldiers  who  had  served  in  the  \var>  ai^ainst  the  KriMich  and 
Indians,  'The  most  important  ol'  these,  lyiiiir  north  ol'  C'rrjwn 
Point,  was  at  tln'  l>oii(|net  River  where  William  ( iilliland  had 
erected  a  saw-mill,  and  where  seveial  pers(in>.  inclndiny 
( lilliland,  Watson,  Searr,  Cross,  lUood  and  .McC'a.\vley  re- 
si.lcd. 

W'illiuin  llav  and  Henrv  C'r(i>>,  lived  on  a  tract  of  hind 
uranted.in  I /<>■),  to  l.ienicnant  Kriswcll.  1  lay's  honse  .--lood 
near  the  slioH' ot  the  lake  opposite  N'alconr  Island.  l''roin 
this  house  his  familv  watched  ili(>  proLness  of  the  naval  en- 
Cageincnt  between  tlw  American  and  British  fleet,  I.  Ith  ( >ct. 
I77(i,  and  witnessed  .Nrnold's  maslerlv  retreat  (hiring  the 
tbllowin£;  niL''ht.  Hdiire  the  Ibvolntlon.  the  few  inhabitants 
residinu;  at  the  north  end  oi'lhe  lake  recii\c<l  their  supplies 
from  .Montreal,  which  tliev  were  in  the  haliit  of  visiliny  scv- 


*l'nr  lurfliiT  information  in  I'cliitiontd  tlic  first  selilcmcnt  of  the  towiia  on  the 
eastern  bonli'r  v{  tlic  liil<»',  pio  Tlidmiifon's Gazetteer  of  Vtrmoat. 


so 


■.:     f 


^?i 


t'-L 


S; 


mil  times  in  lluM-oursc  (if  th<' summer  iiiorifhs.  Abotit  tlu' 
J  St  of  June,  1775,  Mr.  Miiy  went  to  M(»nire:il  to  pur(;liaS(^  a 
supply  of  Hour,  and  was  ihere  arrostedand  thrown  inio  prison 
by  order  of  (ieneral  Carlctoii,  lie  reiiiaiiied  in  [)ri>on  sev- 
eral day.--,  hutw.s  al  IriiLjlli  liliera'cd  al  t!ie  snliciiatiMU  of  llie 
luerclianis  of  iliai  eiiy.  .Mr.  Hay,  on  his  re'iui'ii,  n  paired  to 
('rowu  I'oini,  and  Liave  iiii'inna.lioa  to  ihe  Ameriean  Coin- 
inancler  as  to  the  >tri  nutli  aad  phiiis  ol'  the  tuiliaiis.  wliieh 
was  coiisi(h'red  of  yreal  imporlani'e  at  the  lime,  lie  also 
brouulit  the  fn"si  news  of  Carleton's  ellorls  to  enlist  the 
CauphnawaL'its  on  the  >ideol"tlie  Mnuh-h.  l''or  some  reason 
lie  was  aiierwards  .sus[)ee!e(l  of  lioldini;' eommnnieation  with 
the  KnL!li>h.  In  .July,  177(1.  while  liis  wiii'aiid  his  ehiKh^eu 
lav  sick  of  th(>  small  po\,  Jlay  was  arrested  and  sent  to 
Crown  I'oint,  l)y  order  ot  (Jeneral  Sullivan;  (,'idss  aceoni- 
pani(.'d  him.  "These  men  are  sus]»ected  of  heiim  inimical 
to  us  and  have  it  in  their  ])ower  to  give  intelliL'onee  to  the 
enemy,"  was  the  reason  assiuiied  tlir  their  arrest. 

As  (Nulv  as  1  /(■):{,  one  .bihn  la  Kromliols,  a  native  ot'Cana- 
da.  a''e(in,panied  livlwo  men  nanud  ( ioude  ami  »•  .varte,  vis- 
ited th^'  shores  of  the  laki'and  ninained  a  slmit  time  in  the 
present  town  of  v'lia/v.  Clinton  I 'ininiw  La  Fronihois  re- 
turned to  Crniada  in  17()~^,  and  ohtainetl  permission  from 
Francis  McKay  to  settle  on  a  tract  which  McKay  pretended 
to  claim  by  virtue  of  an  assiLnuneiit  (d'the  old  Fren<'l!  urant 
tola  (irmchetiere.*  Llnderthis  license  la  Frombois  look  pos- 
t'cssion  of  what  are  now  lots  numbers  seventy  and  seventy- 
two,  in  Dean's  Patent,  and  built  a  house  on  number  seveiitv- 
two,  where  he  remained  until  177(1.  when  he  was  driven  oil' 
by  the  English  and  his  house  hurned.  JTe  returned  in  17^1, 
after  the  war,  rebuilt  hi-^  house  and  remained  in  possession 
of  the  lot   until  his  diatli  iti    l*^l().     Joseph  la   .Monte  (now 


*,Sce  Cliap.  ;!.  La  Oauclifticro  assif^ned  to  Estel>c,  in  ITli'],  who  sold  to  do 
Ponlljriant,  Uisliop  <if  Quclico,  in  Dcfoinbir,  1  'I'u  .  I'ontbriant  afterwards  conveyed 
to  de  .Montgoltier,  Suiierior  of  the  beiuinary  of  St.  Sulpice,  wlio,  in  ITllH,  rclciwoii 
to  McKay,  oa  one  of  ttio  heirs  at  law  of  the  Bishop,  do  Pontbriant. 


Moat.})  innvcd  (Hi  lo  ;i  int  11'  :ir  l;i  FiOiiiIini:;'.  i'l  1771,  wliich 
lio  ;ii);iiul(iiu;(l  iwo  Vt'iirs  ;iiiiT\v;ij(l,-=,  ;iiul  rrcliiiuud  ritUTthe 
w.'ir.     jlis  (|f  :-ct  u(i;iii|s  slill  r(.'si(ic   iipmi  ih;'  ,s;|'m"  liind. 

Ai;:T  j;i  Fri)iiiliiii>'  tir-i,  \  i-ii,  i)iii  iicfim' !iis  ;u-lii;il  InivuiDii 
iu  !7(i"^,  ('liiirlcs  (.',■  Fr.  ili'nlji.rL'i;.  ;;,  nerdv  <iiTiii;ai  ii(ii)i<'- 
in;;.ii,  \\  liu,  iu  I  7ti<),  IkmI  rrccivcd  li-iiui  ihr  l-lnuiisli  (lovfrn- 
nioiil.  ;!  \v;i:-ra:il  l.'ti'  lliiri y  Uious.'mhI  :icvc<  oi'  hind,  lyint!:  on 
tliL;  river  ^i;rriii;ic.  niovc.;  .•;:  :-i  t'lc  lr;i<i.  rmi  biiill  ;i,  Iiu'ise 
and  -;i\v-iniil  llic:-.;'.  ])<  i''rrdi.'!i|)nru;li  r"iii:iincd  ci;  tliis'  tract 
iliilil  ;'i;i)iil  liLOlinic  i>l  Iiic  cnniiuciiccunMri  iwlii'' iicvolution, 
wiicii  Ih'  r.in(i\»d  Ills  l;in/iK  ii/  .Mii:it.rc;i.l.  [[>  .-ouii  al'u'r 
rcluriii'il  to  proU'cl.  his  |)ro|)('rlv,  and  iiiid  ii,"  a  h;a-k  Imt  u 
■short  taiac,  wiii  a  ilic  liou-f  ami  lalii  wi-rc  hurard  down. 
FrcdcMibuf'ili  di.-a|)[)farrd  al  \\\r.  saiac  tlnii.'  and  \va>  suppos- 
ed to  have  h'''jn  nuiidi-rrd.  'J'lu  ;-a\v-niill  sluod  on  a  I'lU  of 
i\n:  Saranac,  two  iiiilcs  aliovc  ils  nioiilh. 

In  17i)l.  Philip  K.  Silent,  rui  Knizlish  Major  under  halfpay, 
who  liad  l)"en  with  Auihersl  in  J7-")M,  cstahiislicd  a  lar^t; 
Cv^loiiv  near  tlie  mouth  i^l'  \Vofjd('n;k.  In  the  autuniii, 
•JSUvnc  aeeeinpa.  aed  an  e\i>rdilion  airaiiisl  IJa  vair:,  and  on  his 
return,  in  17():!,  Iliiind  tlie.  sellleinenl  rethicrtl  lo  liilefU  per- 
sons, !!•'  iiiHiiedialely  set  alioui  ri'-eslal)li»hing  the  eolony, 
uikL  in  n  ti'i.oliiaiiied  paieiiLs  lIn- tweiity-fivo  ihnnsand  acr<.\s 
oi'  I'luil  iviiiL!  on  and  ii'mc  the  Cieek.  Jlere  lie  I. mil  a  stone 
inan-ioii  li'My  li  et.  iiy  ihiriv.  and  l\\'o  s;o''ie>  and  a  hah'iti 
heiuh!.  In  17^0.  h  ■  fuah  a  hiiL;e  -'.oae  luiiiciin^  one  hun- 
dred ard  ih:rtv  I'mI  loiiLi',  wliie'i  was  nst'd  iiir  a  niihlary 
u:arri>wn  and  drpei.  [[(>  al.-o  liuiil  at.  diis  [>laee  ;;  'one 
tlii'L'e  <'\  alioni  the  same  diuieiisioiis  as  hi-,  liouse.  wheii  lie 
eommeii,''.d    ill"   jnaaulaelini;  ot' iron.     Tins   was   the  first. 

lor::e  I  :■(■!•!  rd    milile    i)or(ier,>  of  the    lake.       Skelli'    owi:i:da 

SHMi),  wilh  wiii'.'ji  lie  ivt'p'  up  a  eoii.^tanl  eominiiiiiealion  with 

Canada,  and,    ai  hi^   own   e\peu.^e.   en!  a   road  throii;jh    the 

wildeiiiess  as  f'lr  i!.-^  S;d"m.  a  (fi-^tane''  ot  aliout  thirl\'  miles, 

ironi  whieli  pi/in'  it  was  .  ontiuiu  d  l)y  odier.>  io   rieiiniia^toii. 

This  road  wn-?  u.spd  duriiigf  thf  smi.son  when  the  navigation 
11 


S2 

on  the  lake   was  closed   hy  ice.     In    ]'iT-i,    Skciu'sltorough 
contniiKHl  ;i  pnpnliilion  (,i'  o?!'.* 

Tlie  ciiuscs  wliicli  \i:h\  li'i'iiicrlv  [H'cwiiLcd  ihr  (iCL'ii[);incy 
of  tlio  frriilij  hinds  dl"  tli:'  ("iiiiinpl.'iin  \;dl!V  w  rn' i-( 'moved 
when  die  wheli'  eounirv  enme  uU->  llie  p(is<e->i,)ii  oi'  thi; 
Enuli.sli  Ci()ve:-n;ne!:i,  I'.y  tlie  ('()n([ue.4  ol"  (,';nr,i(i;i  in  1700. 
But.  other  liiflleuliies  idnui.-i  iiiinit>di;iii'Iy  .-:])r;!!iL:'  up  to 
retard  the  arowlli  ot'  thi.i  <eciion,  oriuiiuitmi.'  in  'dn'  eunllie- 
ling  claims  o!  thi^  Mnuhsh  Colonists  to  the  sovereignty  ot" 
that  portion  of  the  valliy  lyinu'  ea>t  el' iho  lake.  The  col- 
ony ot  New  York  claimed  jnri.-(hcneii  as  l;ir  e;isl  as  the  Con- 
mM'tient  Kiver,  while  Ncu  Hampshire  asserted  lier  riuht  as 
tar  w(\st  as  the  sluires  el'  the  laJ>;e  and,  south  ni'  the  lake,  to 
a  line  runninL;  parallel  in  and  twenty  miles  east  ol'  the  Hud- 
son Jiiver.  i!i>;ii  C'oii)nii  s  l'iei[iicinlv  is-ned  L.Taiits  liir  the 
sami^  terriloiA  :  causin_f  miit.'li  ceinliisiiui  in  the  laud  titles 
and  crealinir  yreat  anitnositv  lieiween  the  rival  claimants. 

I'rior  Id  tii<'  c!ii.-e  ot"  the  year  17ti:!,  the  (Idvernur  oi' iN'ew 
Hampshire  h.ad  uranied  chai't  r.^  In  dilH'reiit  persons  liiriinir- 
tCiii  towns  lyinj  aloi];j-  and  adjoiniuM' i!,e  ea-t  ;-hore  oi' the 
lake,  and,  bv  similar  urant-.  had  a>si'!ii  d  the  right  of  that 
Ci^lonv  to  the  v\ho|e  teiTiIei'v  claimed  to  he  wiilaii  hei'  jii- 
l-i>d:<'!iol;.       (  )n  tin-  i.i  I)!,  r  side,  the  C:iii)ll\-  el   .\'eW  \  erk  i--lled 

crants  ol  land  on  lh(~  lak<'  i;i  eiTiilv-oae  ormoi-i'  rediii'ed 
otiieers.  who  had  .-erved  in  the  Kn  iieh  a-..'  Indian  wars  ; 
nearly  ell  '-halfol' \\"lllc!l  Werr  loeated  on  liic  ea-t  .-ide  el  ihe 
lake,  'j'iie  Colony  had  aho  appropriaed  a  lar^e  irai'i.  lying 
ill  tween  (  >tler  Clock  and  .Malli  t":-  lla\'.  liirilie  di>l>aiided 
sokliers  of  thosi,' wai's.  A  c:unil\  had  al.-o  lui  n  orgam/ed 
hv  Mew  York,  call-'d  Char-ioUe  Couiii\.  wlmai  i  \tended.  on 
the  north,  from  i.ak''  MeinpliremaL'OL;  to  the  Si.  iJeL^e  liivi-r, 
and  stretchcil  soutii.on  hilli  .-idjsol'  the  lakt  ,  liii'  hcyoiid  its 


*Seo  ii  iictition  til  Oovevnor  Tryon,  I'rayii.i;  tliat  skciic-lii.r'iMirli  iui;:lit  bo  iiiiuli) 
t!ie  .siiirotown  of  Ch.'uli.tto  Comity.  I'lii'  [iciitii'ii  is  sij^iicJ  l\v  tliirtv-ci^^lit  "iiiliatji- 
ttintsot' Crowa  P()int  lii.-iri'M  aud  TiooiKioroga."'  Tln'so  tliirty-citrht  luoliu'ily,  in- 
oluilod  all  tlie  settlers  iu  tlie  vicinity  of  itioso  po^l'^,  on  botli  siijcs  of  tjio  lalse. — 
Doo'imentary  HiBtory  of  New  Vorlt,  Vnl.  1 


soutliprncxtrmihv  ;  the  counfy  scit  waslixetlul  t^kciicsbDro'. 

The  clfi^ls  of  N'cnv  Vork  U)  extend  its  jurisclietiou  to  tl)t3 
ea,-l  was  111(1,  liciiii  l!i,'  iif<t,  liv a  most,  drclded  f>j)])o.-ilion  on 
tile  jiarl  (if  liie  ])('(;;.!.  Ci)!iv.aiti()i)s  wvrf  (  ailed  (U  devise 
ineaiis  l((  ]ir(.i;"'L  t'ue  .\ev/  ilai!i[).-]iire  ciaiiiiaiits  in  dieif 
ri'jiils,  eomi.iiiiees  oi  .^aii-tv  v.'ci\'  ()riia!iiz''d  and  the  luw 
olfieers  and  laad  ^;il■\>'y();■^  ol'  Aew  York  wm-  driven  by 
f()re"  Iroin  l!ie  di.-jiuied  iei-i'iL(./i'V.  'I'lk-.-e  (ii.-.[)Utes  wen;  g(-n- 
eraliy  confined  Id  iIm'  siMiiijc  vn  pai'l  <['  'Venunnl.  nccasicn- 
ally,  Iiov.'evrr,  t!i;y  exiinded  as  lar  lua'di  as  tlic  granls  upon 
tlK'lak--. 

In  ITiH,  ill.'  (i()\i  rii'ir  of  N-w  Hanipsliiit'  Liranl.ed  a  traet 
(if  la.nd,  lyin;,f  arennd  the  I'lWcr  j-ills  et' «  Mler  i 'ree!;,  (\  ej- 
L'ennes.)  to  ^.evi  rai  pcrsiais,  wini  nii'Ved  llitTc  and,  as  early 
as  I'lG'J,  had  i  rc;'l(  d  a  sav\"-niiil  ai  I'n.;  ialis.  Seon  aiiir  the 
ereeiien  (if  the  iiiiH.  Liciileuanl  Cd'oiicl  .iojr.i  J.'icil,  w  h(j  had 
ferinerlv  (Oinniandi'd  ihe  iiii't v-sccdiid  iioval  .liiL;hland  liey- 
iineiil,  and  wlm  i;:'ld  a  claini  In  il  (■  .- mn'  land  under  the 
(•(ilony  ol'  .\.  w  York.  toiciMv  (.li'oV(  oh' the  .New  ] irnnjishire 
seitler.- aaid  put  alioiii  liiM  in  fmiiiii  .-,  hi- own  n  nam-,  in 
[)osse>.-iop.  Tlie-e  hi.-I  eX'.ciKled  llie  -eltienR'lils  and  had 
ere--t!(]  seN'rral  Iol:  lioir-es  and  a  ,L;ri>!-aall,  when  th(y  were 
in  iNi'ii  oidered  olf  hv  a  parlv  oi  ••(Iri  .  n  Mountain  iJoys," 
who  liiiriii  d  the  hnii.-i  >,  de.-iro\('d  ih.'  i:ia-l  null  anil  juit  the 
ISew  Hainp.-iaie  elainianls  ajjaai  in  po-^e.-.-ion. 

In  ,luni  ,  r/7;k  ( 'oJoiK  1  iueil  pefMiaded  a  iiMinlier  of 
Si'oteh  onuLTanls  \\  ho  had  lalelv  arrived  at  "New  \nvU,  tnelii- 
dnii.'' Joiin  Cameron,  -lanies  llendei'>:Hi,  J/oiiald  MeinLosh, 
John  liardans  and  Air^n-  M(d')ean,  m  aeeoinpanx  him  lo 
Otter  Creek  liir  the  piirpo>e  ol'  reiakiiiL;  pos.-es-ion  ol'  thesi; 
lands.  On  tliei;- arrival  ihev  fiund  .loshna  llvde  ami  s.  ve- 
ral  olher  persons  in  po-M's-ioii.  wiili  whom  l?e(  d  enlered 
into  an  arram^enieiit  liv  \v  hich  II  vde  and  hi.-  a-soeiah\s  w  ere 
to  L'ive  lip  (jniel  pos.-i'.-.-!on  ol'  the  lands  and  to  allow  {{eed's 
tenants  t  >  retain  the  saiiu  ,  nntil  the  di.-pute  as  to  title  should 
he  ([(.'eided  by  the  Knizh^h  ( iovernnient.      Colonel  Heed  paid 


^-l 


.t'iil.  l!)s.  fitr  i!i('  ciiiiis -inl  iiiip;(i\<Mii('nt.--.  repaired  tln'  l;l•i^^^; 
niill  uDil  ;it.-o  iiiirclia«'il  :■.  i]'i:M!lii\  '.I'  pi'dvi'-io'i.-  ami  soim; 
ciAVs  '.<!.■  I::.'  I, --I'  III'  !•>;  i-  'i:!!;!.-.  u'c'  tiicii  J''ll  thriii  ;';ul  1'. - 
ir.r.ii'd  1.  )  .\'  V,-  •:  I'-k. 

''.'i:js  ;:i'r;)i:L'-.  i.ii'i!,  ;'I;!:(ii.;:l!  h;:;,[e  wil'.i  \]::-  oniscnl  of  ilio 
X(  w  [la:.::.'Sliirr  c!-:iiii;i.!'/;,  \v:i--  (iis;;'.)[)r.Ar>l  h\  llic  eoni- 
in.Ltr  '  (if  r:ile;y.  v.liu  .-.m;  ,-l;!iaM  -Mi.."i,  S.-iii  \\ar!!iM"  and 
Ri'iiieiii!);  '■  i':'iM  r,  w;!'.!  a  yi\r{\  I'l'  .•.'S'.iiii  (iiirhi!iidi\<l  "(Ir"!"'!i 
^;')iii'i:i;;i  .('i>\ -.'■  !,p  (  i,  it  1  Tri'i' \  I'.r  li;;-  i;mi-|)i;.-i'  o!' driviiiij; 
uli'  (!;(,■  Sci>U-li  iM-ci'i;.!!;.  ■.  (;!,iic  Mt'i  t '."  A  liun^l.  Al!(  ;i"s 
'Kiriv,  a'tr  ::;'  d  l>\  i\\\\'. — 'I;.'  same  i;ris(  a  wlio  twi,;  luoiii 'is 
iieiiire  i'ad  :^"M  i  :-^  <':,;iia  !.'  C'liM' 1  iie^-i! — ai-|-;\ed  a;  ihe 
-etdi  iiieiils,  dr.>'.,'  i;;e  SeiiU'.'i  ii>  !ii  1  ii'.^'a'  dweliiiiLls,  luir::i  d 
iLe  liav  a:id  eeru  ahd  liv.'  hnii.-es,  and  'lie!!  inre  d')\vii  the 
L:rl>i-ii,;!l,  lirea'au'j!  1 'le  luiii-sinnes  iu  jiic'cs  and  1 1 1 n av i a i:> 
till  ;:i  e\"rrti;e  ir'iii;  into  di.' l'.':"('-k.  C'ai.iei'un  and  liis  eoni- 
paniun- reiiiaiiied  at  <  )'i!e.-  C'reik  alioul  two  vvre!;.;  Kmuer 
and  t'ie!i  returned  tn  New  \er!s.  Aiic!-  their  di'paitiire  a 
sin  ill  lilii;  I;  Lensi/  wao  >  i-,  eti'd  at  l!:e  lii'il:;,  vdii'-li  was  L:ar- 
riseiii'r  j  and  e'leiwards  u-i  ;'  a:-  a  ]i!ipt.ei-iiciii  te  |in'  7\ew  llanip- 
;d!ii'e  claiinanls,  Ancthei'  Mn^'ji  Ii'iiim'  was  ;-';.im  aiii'r  lurlt 
near  tlie  i'dls  et'  the  W  iinni.-ki  ii'e.cr. 

DnrinL'' tiie  CMiitiviversy  lntwe(  n  the  r\  llh  rs  undrr  the 
.New  IIr;n!;i-:  i)'e  'j-ranis  and  the  e'>!(i:i\  i,|"  N.'W  \(irk,  a  pru- 
jeet  wa-;  >,::i\  d  ey  Majw;-  Sl.nie  aiici  elhi  rs  to  li.irm  that 
part,  lit"  Ni  \v-  !  m;!.,  Ivam  ea.-l  la  the  (lad-^.m  iiiver,  iiiti) 
a  iieW  i'rovir.,'  •.  'I'.iiih'ei  ihi<ii!>jeet  S!;eiie  \isited  Kni^- 
land,  arid  a  1  Mare!;.  I'/l-"),  wmu  hae!^  ili.-.i  he  iiad  heen  ap- 
pointefl  (ieiMriicr  et'(.'ro\s;i  I'nint  and  'I'leondereira,  and 
should  sown  cah  on  the  people  tor  a!i  addii>~  |o  show  tin  ir 
lovahv  to  ilie  Kl:i'^.  Dunne  the  alienee  i  i  Skene  the. 
trouhh  s  on  l!ie  efatii-  had  ineri  a^ed  to  an  aiaruiini.'  extent, 
and  il.  i>  e\t  reiiieiy  (iouhtliil  \s  hat  Would  have  heen  liie  rc  sull 
of"  the  eonte~t,  had  not  the  eor.inieni'i  ment  of  thi'  Ainericun 
Revolution  turned  the  atleutiou  ot  all  parlies  to  the  couiuum 
cause  ot"  the  Country. 


